INDEX. 



965 



Orchids, depth of tuberous roots, i. 552. 



— embryo detachment, ii. 450. 



— epiphytic, i. 77. 



protective function of water-absorbing 



layers in droughty i. 223. 



roots, clamp-cells, i. 220. 



double function of, i. 220. 



— expulsive apparatus forpoilen-transfer, ii. 



269- 



— flour-like coating on lip, ii. 169. 



— good and bad flowering years, ii. 472. 



— great variety, ii. 738. 



— hybrid flower colour, ii. 567. 



— labelluni, ii. 253. 



— leaf-bud, emergence from soil. i. C'J). 



— light seeds, ii. S51. 



— mode of adheriug to bark, i. 107. 



— nectaries, ii. 176. 



— opening of flowers, ii. 212. 



— origin of uucellus, ii. S4. 



— pollen retention, ii. 2S3. 



— pollen-sacs, ii. 90. 



— roots, adventitious, i. 751. 

 aerial, i. 753. 



origin, i. 771. 



— saprophytic, on steep rocks, i. 108. 



— structure of flower, ii. 253, 736. 



— sugar crystals, ii. 172. 



— terrestrial, downward pull of roots, i. 767. 

 roots, i. 760. 



— tropical, chlorophyll in roots, i. 375. 



epiphytic, thick cuticle, i. 309. 



nature of scents, ii. 199. 



— twisting of ovary, iL 224. 



— venation, i. 634. 



— West Indian, PI. XIII. 



— whose Btomata lie in hollow tubercles, i. 



300. 



— withering of perianth and pollinatioo. ii. 



286. 

 Orchis, pollen deposition and retention, ii. 

 284. 



— spur of labellum, ii. 255. 



— variability of floral colour, ii. 569. 

 Orchis hircina, scent, ii. 202. 

 Orchis mascula, alluring spur, ii. 171. 

 Orchis pallens, scent, ii. 202. 



Orders, of flowering plants, number, ii. 604. 

 Organic acids, function, i. 463. 



— compounds, multiplicity of, i. 455. 



primary, formation of, i. 455. 



sources of, in water, i. lOU. 



— material, synthesis of, i. 373. 



— matter, absorption of, i. 99. 



small amount required by most sapro- 

 phytes, i. 117. 



— remains found in water-receptacles, i. 242. 



— substances in clear springs, i. 101. 

 Organization, complexity, and higher de- 

 velopment, ii. 598. 



Organs, change of function, i. 450. 



— elementary early ideas of, i. 14. 



— for removal of substances, i. 471. 



— reduced, question of utility, i, 747. 



— reproductive, protection from loss of 



heat, i. 529. 



— similarity of function and similarity of 



structure, ii. 615. 

 Origanum, distribution of sexes, ii. 298. 

 Orlaya, peripheral flowers, ii. 186. 

 Orlaya grandiflora, hooked fruit, ii. 873. 



inflorescence, ii. 184. 



Omithogalum. colour of flower, ii. 183. 



— epiphyllous buds, ii. 43. 



— nectaries, ii. 175. 



— rolled leaves, i. 348. 



— stomata, position of, i. 348. 

 Omithogalum nutans, ovary and fertilizar 



tion, ii. 415. 



staminal stipules, ii. 89. 



Omithogalum umbellatum, leaf-bud, emer- 

 gence from soil, i. 640. 



protection of poUen, ii. 113. 



protogynous, ii. 311. 



Orobanchacese, ii. 771. 



— embryo, &.c., i. 184. 



— establishment on host, i. 184. 



Orobanchaceae, features used for classificar 

 tion, i. 186. 



— general resemblance to Orchideje, i. 184. 



— geographical distribution, &c., i. 186. 



— germination, i. 750. 



— pollen-sprinkling apparai"=; in, ii. 271. 

 Orobanche, embryo, i. 590. 



— former view regarding, i. 185. 

 Orobanche caryophyllacea. &c., scent, ii. 201. 

 Orobanche Epithymum, germination, i. 173. 

 Orobus, keel movements and pollen brush, 



ii. 252. 

 Orobus Pannonicus, roots, i. 760. 

 Orobus venetus, floral change of colour, ii. 



191. 

 Orobus vemiis. elevation and coloration, ii. 

 511. 



seed dispersal, ii. 835. 



Orpine. See Seduvi Telephium. 

 Orthostichies, of leaves, i. 397. 



— relation to divergence, i. 403. 

 Orthotrichum, hybrids, ii. 583. 

 Orthotrichum fallax, mode of adhering to 



bark, i. 106. 

 Orthotropous ovule, i. 644. 

 Oryza clandestina, venation, i. 633. 

 Oscillaria, movement of, i. 39. 

 Oscillaria tenuis, verdigris-coloured films, i. 



105. 

 Oscillarias and heat, i. 554. 

 Oscillatorieie, circular movements, i. 6S4. 

 Osier Willow. See Salix viminalis. 

 Osmia, pollen brush, ii. 168. 

 Osmosis, natiu-e of, i. 59. 

 Osmunda regalis, frond, ii. 476. 



sporangia, ii. 15. 



Osmundaceae, characteristics, ii. 709. 

 Ostracoda, resemblance of Utricularia 



bladders to, i. 122. 

 Ostrya. cupule, ii. 435. 



— mode of fertilization unknown, ii. 413. 



— venation, i. 631. 



— vernation, i. 350. 



Ostrya carpinifolia, isolated colonies, i. 528. 



wind- dispersal, ii. 848. 



Ousting of plants by other plants, i. 263. 

 Outline of classification, ii. 617. 

 Ouviraudia fenestralis, Madagascar, ii. 738. 

 Ovaries, classification, ii. 75 et seq. 

 Ovaries, Phanerogamic, ii. 73. 

 Ovai-y and aatholysis, ii. 79. 



— discussion of structure, ii. 78 et seq. 



— inferior, nature of. ii. 79. 



— in Orchidaceie, ii. 253. 



— nature and modifications, i. 642. 



— of Colocasia antiquorum, ii. 742. 

 Over-transpiration, prevention of in Grasses, 



i. 34J. 

 Ovule, a macrosporangium, ii. 478. 



— chalazogamic fertilization in Carpinus, 



ii. 412. 



— homology, ii. 717. 



— morphological considerations, i. 643. 



— moi-phological value, ii. 84. 



— of Gymnosperms, ii. 418. 



— parts of, i. 644. 



— sorts of, i. 644. 



— structure, ii. 80, 416. 



— transformation into tuber or bud, ii. 469. 

 Ovules, ii. 83. 



— and nocturnal radiation, i, 529. 



— arrangement on carpels, i. 644. 



— attraction for pollen-tubes, ii. 414. 



— of Cycads, ii. 720. 



Ovuliferons scale, of Abietineee, ii. 721. 



of Pinus sylvestris and other Conifers, 



ii. 441. 



— shoot of Taxus, ii. 442. 

 Oxalate of lime, formation, i. 458. 



Osahc acid, combination with calcium, i. 67. 



function, i. 458, 463. 



Oxalidaceie, cleistogamy in, ii. 393. 

 Oxalis, ffistivatioo, ii. 210. 



— capsule, ii. 431. 



— drooping of flowers, artificially induced, 



ii. 122. 



— heteroBtylism, ii. 399. 



Oialis, opening of flower, ii. 212. 



— protection of pollen, ii. 127. 



Oxahs acetosella, leaf, diurnal positions, i 

 534. 



leaf movements, i. 339. 



seed and embryo, ii. 422. 



seed-dispersal, ii. 834. 



Unfolding leaves, i. 349. 



Oxalis lasiandra, duration of flowering, ii. 



213. 

 Oxalis rosea, movements of cotyledons, i. 



532. 

 Oxalis seusitiva, leaf, diurnal positions, 1. 

 534. 



movements of cotyledons, i. 532. 



sensitiveness, i. 535 et seq. 



Oxalis stricta, weather and autogamy, ii. 391. 

 Oxalis Valdiviana, movements of cotyledons, 



i. 532. 

 Ox-eye Daisy. See Leucanthemum vulgare. 

 Oxidation, and blue rays, i. 390. 



— by Bacteria, ii. 623. 



OxHp. See Primula elatior, ii. 404. 

 Osyanthus tubiflorus, depth of flower, ii. 



180. 

 Oxybaphus, seed, mucilage organs, i. 615. 

 Osybaphus nyctagineus, pollen-grains, ii. 97. 

 Oxycoccacese, ii. 770. 



Oxycoccus palustris. wax on leaves, i. 302. 

 Oxygen, and respiration, i. 293. 504. 



— elimination of, i. 60. 



— volume exhaled by plant, i. 455. 

 Oxythyrea funesta, and young capitula of 



Composites, ii. 243. 



Pacbyma, sclerotia of AgariciQc-e, ii. 689. 

 Pacbypappa vesicalis and mantle-gall on 



Abele, ii. 530. 

 Pacbypleiu-um, geitonogamy, ii. 324. 

 Pacliysandra, coloured stamen-filaments, ii. 



183. 



— pollen and poUination, i. 645. 



— scent, ii. 200. 



Padina Pavonia, -itructure, i. 590. 

 Psederota, nectary, ii. 175. 



— protogynous, ii. 311. 



Pffiderota Ageria, cross-fertilization, ii. 301. 



feitility, dependence on insects, ii. 402. 



pull of roots, i. 768. 



Pffionia, anthocyanin. i. 484. 



— protogynous, ii. 311. 



Paeonia pubens, vitality of spermatoplasm, 



ii. 96. 

 Palseo-botany, importance of venation, i. 



635. 

 Palaeontology, bearing on evolution, ii. 610. 

 Palreozoic vegetable remains, ii. Gil. 

 Palea, of Gramiueae, ii. 746. 

 Palisade-cella, i. 472. 



movements of chlorophyll-granides, t 



381. 

 Palisade parenchyma, PI. I. 



— tissue, consumption of carbonic acid, i. 



368. 



of leaves, i. 279. 



varieties, i. 374. 



Pallavicinia, vascular system, ii. 699. 

 Palmacese, description, ii. 740. 

 Palmella, Alga of Emericella, ii. 6;'5. 

 Palmella cruenta, blood-red patches, i. 105. 

 Palmellacefe, ii. 606. 

 Palms, chmbing. See Rotang. 



— fruit protection, ii. 445. - 



— germination, i. 604. 



— leaves of, structure in relation to trans- 



piration, i. 288. 



— pollen-grains, ii. 99. 



— temperature within spathe, i. 501. 



— vitahty of spermatoplasm, ii. 96. 

 Palmyra Palm. See Borassiis Jiabelli/onnis. 

 Pandanacea;, ii. 745. 



— weaving habit in. i. 677. 

 Pandanus, phyllotaxis, i. 402, 



— roots, i. 756. 



