966 



INDEX. 



Pandanua, stilt-roots, mechanical tissae, i. 



761. 

 Pandanus utilis, L 758 ; ii. 745. 

 Pandorina, structure, ii. 632. 

 Pandorineje, ii, 606. 

 Pansy. See Viola tricolor. 

 Papaver, capsule, ii. 432, 



— insect platform, ii. 229. 



— nectarless, ii. 167. 



— pollen-grains, ij, 99. 



— preservation of stamens in Egyptian 



graves, i, 262. 



— protogyny in, ii. 310, 



Papaver alpinum. protection of pollen, ii. 120. 

 Papaver Rhceas. effect of dry soil, ii. 500. 

 Papaver somnifenmi, abode for flies and 

 beetles, ii, 163, 



floral markings, iL 190. 



possible cause of doubling, ii. 554. 



size of flowers, ii, 185, 



Papaveraceie, epiphyllous buds, ii. 43, 



— laticiferous tubes, L 470. 

 Paphiopedilium (Cypripedium) caudatum, 



size of flowers, ii. iSo. 

 Papilionacese, testivation of, ii, 210. 



— and insect visits, ii. 210. 



— cleistogamy in, ii, 393. 



— floral structure, ii. 228, 



— genera with explosive flowers, ii. 267. 



— hairiness, i. 318. 



— leaf -tendrils, i. 692. 



— pollen expulsion by piston-apparatus, ii. 



260. 



— protaudrous dichogamy in, iL 311. 



— storage of pollen, ii, 94. 



— switch-plants in, i. 330. 



— xmfruitful artificial autogamy in. ii. 406. 

 Papilhe, protection of stomata from wetting 



by, i. 293. 

 Pappus, nature and function, ii. 431 



— of achenes, ii. 432. 



— of Senecio viscosus and autogamy, ii. 364. 

 Papyrus, manufacture, ii. 746. 



PapjTUs antiquorum. Upper Nile, iL 746. 

 Paracelsus, Bombast us, Swiss alchemist 



a493-lo41). i. 2. 

 Parachutes, on seeds and fruits, ii. 855. 

 Parallelodromous venation, i, 634. 

 Paraphyses, of Ascomycetes, ii. 676. 



— of Moss, ii, 15, 



Parasite and host, intimacy of connection 

 between, in Lophophytum, i. 194. 



— apphcation of term and former views con- 



ceming, i. 159, 



— intimate union with host in Orobancheie, 



i. 184. 

 Parasites, absorption of carbon-dioxide, i. 

 63, 



— distinctive properties of, i. 161. 



— non-green, nutrition, i, 466. 



— on parasitic members of the same family 



or genus, i. 213. 



— sorts of, i. 161. 



— source of carbon, L 63. 

 Parasitic action, of Bacteria, i. 162. 



— Bacteria, ii. 623. 



— Fungi, and form alteration, ii. 518. 



— Phanerogams, embryo, ii. 421. 



— root, i. 752, 



— thallophytes, formation of brood-bodies, 



ii. 25. 

 Parasitism, difficultyof determination, i. 243. 



— of Monotropa roots, on fungal hyphie, 



i. 253. 

 Parastichies, and torsion, i. 406. 

 Parenchyma, cortical, i. 469. 



— spongy, functions, i. 473. 



of leaves, i. 279. 



Parietales, ii, 774. 



Parietaria, cross-fertilization, ii, 306. 



— distribution of sexes, ii. 298. 



— ejection of pollen, ii. 137. 



Parietaria officinalis, protogynons flowers, ii. 



307. 

 Paris quadrifotia, autogamy, ti. 341. 



stamen, ii. 87. 



Parkia, poUen-chambers, ii. 90. 



Parraelia saxatilis, a FoUaceous Lichen, i. 



245. 

 Parnassia, nectaries, ii. 178. 

 Parnassia palustris, cross-fertilization, ii. 

 307. 



duration of flowering, ii. 213. 



flower, ii. 249. 



illumination and growth, ii. 508. 



movementa of stamens, ii. 251, 



scent during day, ii. 209. 



structure of underground stem, i. 736. 



venation, i. 633. 



Paronychia Kapella, seed-(^persal, ii. 8M. 

 Parsley Fern. See Allosorus crispiLS. 

 Parthenogenesis, a special case of ofifshoot 



formation, ii. 468. 



— discussion of true nature in Phanerogams, 



u. 467. 



— in JVIucoriui, ii. 673. 



— in Saprolegniace;e, it. 671. 



— nature of, ii. 44. 



Part hen ogonidia, of Volvoi, ii. 634. 

 Partners, of Lichen communities, i. 244. 

 Pasque Flower. See Pulsatilla. 

 Passiflora cirrhiflora, tendrils, t 694. 

 Passiflora gracilis, tendril, L 697. 

 Passiflora Kermesina, poUen-grain, iL 100. 

 Passiflorales, iL 785. 



Path-finders, name applied to floral mark- 

 ings, iL 190. 



of flowers, ii. 232. 



Paullinia, tendrils, i. 694. 



Paulownia, scent, ii. 202. 



Paulownia imperialis, inflorescence, L 746. 



Pavia, flowers, sexual conditions, ii. 296. 



Pea. See Pistim. 



Pear-trees, deciduous protective hairs, i. 351. 



Peat, unfavourable for Fungi, L 102. 



Peat- moors, characteristic Tegetation,an cient 



and modem, ii. 612. 

 Pedalium murex, spinose fruit, ii. 875. 

 Pedate venation, i. 633. 

 Pediastrum, life-history, iL 639. 

 Pediastrum granulatum, iL 640. 



thallidia, iL 24. 



Pedicularis, effect on host, ic., L 179. 



— heterogamy, ii. 377. 



— hybrid flower colour, ii. 567. 



— hybrids, ii. 5S5. 



— nectary, ii. 174. 



— roots of parasitic species, i. 760. 

 Pedicularis incamata, anthocyanin, i. 522. 

 autogamy, ii. 375. 



Pedicularis recutita, anthocyanin, i. 522. 



poUen-sprinMing apparatus, ii. 272, 



Pedicularis rostrata, pollen-sprinkhng, iL 272. 

 Pelargonium, ra*:lical buds, ii. 28. 



— thick cuticle of capitate cells, i. 230, 

 Pelargonium atrum, crepuscular perfume, ii. 



208. 



periodic perfume, ii. 242. 



scent, ii. 201. 



Pela^onium heterogamnm, leaves and rain 



conductiOD, i. 95. 

 Pelargonium triste, and night visitors, iL 197, 



crepuscular perfume, ii. 208. 



Peltaria aUiacea, anthocyanin, L 520. 

 Peltate leaf, venation, L 632. 

 Peltigeracanina, Follose Lichen, PL XV,, iL 



691 

 Pelvetia, ii. 664. 

 Pemphigus bursarius, galls on Poplar petioles, 



iL 534. 

 Pemphigus comiculariua, gall on Pistachia, 



ii. 534. 

 Pendent flowers and insect visitors, ii. 222. 

 Pendulous flowers and loss of heat, L 529. 

 Penicillium, fermentative action, i. 508. 



— spore-dispersal, ii. 812. 



Penicilhum glaucum, spores and heat, L 554. 



Peniciilus, thallus. ii. 645. 



Penium, chloropbyll bodies, cf. PI. I„ i, 373. 



Penium Brebissonii, ii. 492. 



PennjTvort. See Ly!timachia Nummuiaria. 



Penstemon, absorptive cells on root, i, 87. 



— cross-fertilization, ii. 304. 



— poUea deposition, ii. 278. 



Penstemon, protandrous, ii. 311. 

 Peperomia, buds on leaf -cuttings, iL 43. 

 Peperomia arifolia, situation of stomata, L 



293. 

 Pepones, iL 785. 

 Peppermint-tree. See Eiieatyptn$ amygdal- 



ina. 

 Pei^in, action, i. 465. 



— in Dioojea digestive secretion, L 150. 



— secreted by Drosera glands, L 141 



— solvent of legumin, L 458. 



Percussive apparatus, pollen distribution, ii. 



260. 

 Perennials, foUage-stems, i. 656. 



— light and growth, ii. 508. 



— procumbent, L 661. 



— steppe and desert, heat resistance, L 556. 

 Perfoliate, leaf, i. 595. 



Perianth, as insect platform, iL 225. 



— functions, ii. 719, 

 Perianth-leaves, arrangement, L 641. 

 Periblem, leaf origin, i. 649. 

 Pericarp, and dispersal, ii. 430. 



— changes in ripening, i. 462. 

 Perich^tiimi of Mosses, ii. 65. 

 Periderm, i. 469. 



— buffer action, L 474. 



— characteristics, L 719. 

 Peridermium pini, ii. 686. 



nutrition of, L 167. 



Peridinese, description, iL 625. 

 Peri<^um, of Gasteromycetes, ii. 689. 

 Ferine, of pollen-grain, ii- 100. 

 Periodic movements and growth, ii. 220, 

 Perisperm, nature of, ii. 422. 

 PerisporiaceBe, distinctive character, iL 676. 

 Peristome, of Moss capsule, ii. 702. 



— of Moss sporogonium, ii. 15. 



— of Splachnum, iL 703. 

 Perithecia, of Claviceps, iL 680, 



— of Cordyceps, ii. 679. 



— of Pyreuomycetes, ii. 67S. 

 Peronospora parasitica, and Capsella Barsa- 



pastoris, iL 525. 



and Crucifene, ii. 670, 



Peronospora violacea and stamens of Knautia 



arvensis, iL 524. 

 Peronospora viticola, ii, 57. 670. 

 Peronosporeie, iL 606. 



— life-history, ii. 56, 669. 



— spore-formation, ii. 22. 



Persian steppes, spinose shnibs. i. 435. 

 Persica vulgaris, cotyledons, i, 608. 

 Perspiring, of plants, L 273. 

 Petals and autogamy, ii. 365. 



— and nocturnal radiation, L 530. 



— chlorophyll in, L 376, 



— origin, ii. 86. 



— withering after pollination, iL 286. 

 Petasites, flowering and flowerless shoots, i. 



652. 



— imperfect flowers, iL 295. 

 Petioles, twisting of, i. 417. 



" Petites esp^ces", replace one another, ii. 



884. 

 " Petit grain ", from Orange leaves, i. 461. 

 Petiveria, unequal cotyledons, L 622. 

 Petroselinum sativum, schizocarp, ii. 427- 

 Pettmia, propagation of hybrids, iL 556. 



— scent, ii. 202. 



Petunia violacea, nocturnal perfume, ii. 208. 

 Peziza, spore-dispersal, ii. S25. 

 Peziza leruginosa, cause of green-rot in trees, 

 L263. 



habitat, &c, iL 682. 



Peziza scutellata, iL 681 



Peziza vesiculosa, iL 19. 683. 



Peoza Wlllkommii, effect on host, i. 168. 



on Larix Europsea. ii. 522. 



Phaca, explosive flowers, ii. 267. 

 Phsenology and cliiimlology, L 565. 

 Phffiophyceaj, characteristics, iL 661. 



— group of Thallophyta, iL 620. 

 Phaleenopsis grandiflora, duration of flower- 



^ ing. iL 211 

 Phala;nopsis Schilleriana, adherent roots, i. 

 107 



