INDEX. 



971 



Querctis Cerris and Erineum qnercinum, u. 



529. 



and gall of Cecidomyia cerris, ii. 534,533. 



and spangle-galls of Neuroterus, ii. 541. 



staminal galls, ii. 540. 



Quercus pedunciilata, age, i. 720. 



dimensions, i. 722. 



fruiting branch, ii. 435. 



infloresneuces and flowers, ii. 298. 



normal and sucker leaves, ii. 515. 



numerous galls on, ii. 552. 



Quercus pendulina, bud-galls of Cynips lucida, 



ii. 542. 

 Quercus pubescens, and gall of Cynips caput- 



medusie, ii. 541. 



influence of Cynips polycera, ii. 550. 



Quercus sessiliflora, dimensions, i. 722. 



fruiting branch, ii, 435. 



gaUs on bract-scales, ii. 540. 



Quickset hedge, nature of, i. 673. 

 Quince. See Pyras cydonia. 

 Quinine, i. 462. 



R. 



" Race ", meaning of. ii. 581. 



Raceme, i. 73S. 



Rachis, application of term, i. 737. 



— developed into spine, i. 447. 

 Radiation and leaf-movements, i. 532. 

 Radicle, behaviour in Mistletoe, i. 206. 

 Radiolaria and Chlorella, symbiotic, ii. 637. 

 Radiolariffi, symbiosis with plants, L 254. 

 Radix palaris, i. 760. 



Raffia Ruffii, inflorescence, i. 745. 

 Rafflesia, colour and odour, ii. 197. 



— mycelium-like tissue in host, i. 200. 

 Rafflesia Amoldii, flower, description of, &c., 



i. 203. 

 Rafflesia Padma, Java, size and description 



of flowers, i. 203. 

 Rafflesia Schadenbergiana, size of flowers, 



u. 185. 

 Rafflesiace33, ii. 755. 



— anthocyanin, i. 483. 



— flower-stalk origin, i. 736. 



— nature of scents, ii. 199. 



— only European representative, i. 204. 



— parasitic on trunks and branches, i. 201, 

 Rafflesiffi, disagreeable odour, i. 199. 



— geographical distribution, mode of growth, 



size of flowers, &g., i. 203. 

 Ragwort. See Senecio. 

 Rain, agent in dispersal of offshoots, ii. 809. 



— and sensitive plants, i. 536. 



— carbon dioxide, sulphuric acid, and am- 



monia in, i. 79. 



— carbonic and nitric acid in, i. 370. 



— dust collector, i. 80. 



Rain-water, contrivances for retention of, i. 



156. 



irrigation of, i. 97. 



• various modifications of cauline leaves 



for conduction, i. 95. 

 Ramalina reticulata, Fmticose Lichen, ii.694. 

 Ramondia, dehiscence of pollen-sacs, ii. 92. 



— pollen sprinkling, ii. 274. 

 Ramondia pyreuaica, stamen, ii. 91. 

 Rampion. See Phyteuma. 

 Ranales, ii. 774. 



Ranunculacete, autogamy in, U. 345, SSL 



— dichogamy in, ii. 311. 



— distribution of sexes, ii. 298. 



— hybrids among, ii. 584. 



— movements of stamens, ii. 250. 



— pollen-grains, ii. 99. 



— protection of pollen, ii. 118. 



— protogyny in, ii. 310. 



— venation, i. 633. 



— Water, leaf-rosettes, i. 412. 

 Ranunculus, aquatic, aerial and submerged 



leaves, ii. 505. 

 pollen dispersion, ii. 105. 



— carpellary insect platform, ii. 229. 



— storage of pollen, ii. 94. 



Ranunculus acris, protection of pollen, ii. 120, 



Ranunculns alpestris, distribution of sexes, 

 ii. 29S. 



nectaries, ii. 178. 



Ranunculus aquatilis, heterophyllous, i. 668. 



lime-incrustiog, i. 260. 



Ranunculus baldensis. distribution of sexes, 

 ii. 293. 



Ranuncidus BaudotU, heterophyllous. L 668. 



Ranunculus bulbosus, downward pull of 

 roots, i. 767. 



RanunciUus Ficaria, bud-like offshoots, ii. 

 459. 



colour of flowers, ii. 183. 



plant and tuber-like offshoots, ii. 460. 



tubers, i. 651. 



tubers dispersed by floods, ii. 810. 



Ranunculus fluitans, length, i. 388. 



Ranunculus glacialis, distribution of sexes, 

 ii. 298. 



flower, ii. 174. 



nectaries, ii. 178. 



nectary concealment, ii. 181. 



Ranunculus hololeucus, heterophyllous, i. 668. 



Ranunculus Neapolitanus, roots, i. 760. 



Ranunculus pedatus, PI. VI. 



Raphanus, pollen-grain, ii. 100. 



Raphanus sativus, cotyledons, i. 621. 



Raphe, of ovule, ii. 81. 



Raphia tsdigera, Brazil, size of leaves, i. 287. 



Raphides, i. 457. 



Raphidophora decursiva, ii. 743. 



climbing habit, ii. 745. 



Rariorum Plantarum Historia, by Clusius, 

 ii. 601. 



Raspberry. See Rubus Idceus. 



Ravenala, shelteiing of pollen, ii. 108. 



Ravenala Madagascariensis, ii. 735. 



Rays, medullary, i. 468. 



Rays of spectrum, absorption, transforma- 

 tion, i. 379. 



Reaiunuria, salt on leaves and stem, i. 236. 



Recapitulation-theory, ii. 608. 



Receptacle, floral, i. 746. 



— honey secretion, i. 747. 



— in fruit-formation, ii. 435. . 



— persistent, ii. 434. 



Red Currant. See Ribes rnhrum. 



Red-rot, i. 264. 



Red Sea, reddened by Trichodesmium, i. 389. 



Red Sea-weeds. See FloridecE. 



Red Snow, ii. 627. 



Red-wood. See Sequoia sempervirens. 



Reed. See Pkraijiiiites cominunis. 



Reed-like Grasses, wax on leaves, i. 292. 



Reed-mace. See Typha latifolia. 



Reeds, contrivances for irrigation, i. 99, 



— type of community, ii. 888, 893. 

 Rehmannia, pollen deposition, ii. 280. 

 Reindeer-moss. See Cladonia rangi/erina. 

 Rejuvenescence, of plants, i. 584. 

 Renovation without fertilization, ii. 45. 

 Replum, of sUiqua, ii. 432. 

 Reproduction, kinds of, ii. 6. 



— of Cbara fragilis, ii. 660. 



— very simple type in Chlamydoraonas, ii. 



630. 

 Reproductive organs, homologies in Phanero- 

 gams and Vascular Cryptogams, ii. 478. 



protection from loss of heat, i. 529. 



Reseda, ovary, ii. 73. 



Reseda odorata, artificial tree production, ii. 

 453. 



scent, ii. 200, 209. 



Resedaceie, ovary open, ii. 775. 

 Reserve-buds, characteristics. iL 34. 



distribution, ii. 31. 



Reserve materials, i. 459. 



and enzymes, i. 464. 



Reserve-tissue, food-stores, i. 598. 



of seeds, i. 599 ; ii. 422. 



Reservoirs, water, in leaves, i. 156. 

 Residual substances in autumn leaves, i. 4S5. 

 ResiUent fruit-stalks and dispersal, ii. 840, 

 Resin and preservation of fossil plants, ii, 



612. 



— and protection of fruits, ii. 446. 

 Respiration and germination, i. 494. 



Respiration, chemistry of, i. 497. 



— heat development, i. 497. 



— in absence of oxygen, i. 504. 



— in dormant organs, i. 494, 



— in Mushrooms, i. 498. 



— measure of energy, i. 494. 



— modus operandi, i. 495. 



— of plants, impelling force, i. 492. 

 Respiratory cavity of stoma, i. 2S0. 



— heat and germination of seeds, i, 560. 

 Retama, explosive flowers, ii. 267. 



— protection of stomata from moistmre, i. 



298. 



— protective coat of wax. i. 292. 

 Retention of deposited pollen, ii. 279. 

 Rettenstein, slate mountains and character- 

 istic vegetation, ii. 495. 



Revolver-flowered Gentians, ii. 387. 



Revolver-flowers, ii. 249. 



RhacomitriEe, special absorptive cells of, i. 



218. 

 Rhamnus, drupe, ii. 428. 



— hybrids in, ii. 584. 



— phyllotaxis, i. 399. 



Rhamnus cathartica, distribution of sexes, ii. 

 299. 



poUen-grains, ii. 97. 



scroll-galls of Trioza Rbamni, ii. 531. 



Rhamnus hybrida, behaviour of foliagt, ii. 



574. 

 Rhamnus pumila, lattice-forming stem, i. 



678. 

 Rhamnus saxatilis, distribution of sexes, ii. 



299. 



spines, i. 443. 



Rhamnus tinctoria, distribution of sexes, ii 



299. 

 Rhamnus Wulfenii, venation, i. 630. 

 Rheum, i. 94. 



— and Field-mice, i. 763. 



— anthocyanin, i. 484. 



— geitonogamy, ii. 323. 



— scale-leaves and earthing up, i, 625. 

 RhinanthaceEe, geitonogamy, ii. 331. 



— hybrids among, ii. 585. 



— many parasitic, i. 176. 



— nectaries, ii. 174. 



— pollination, ii. 129. 



— relationships to Lathrrea, i. 181. 



— uniformity of venation, i. 635. 

 Rhinanthus, nectary, ii. 174. 



— pollen sprinkling, ii. 272. 



— protection of pollen from wet, ii. 110. 



— venation, i. 631. 



Rhinanthus angustifolius, flower, ii. 273, 



pollen-sprinkling apparatus, ii. 273 



Rhipidopteris, distribution of sporangia, ii. 



706. 

 Rhipidopteris peltata, Mexico, two kinds of 



fronds, ii. 12. 

 Rhipsalis, on trees, i. 106. 

 Rhizidiomyces, life-cycle, ii. 671. 

 Rhizobium, fixation of free nitrogen, ii. 624. 

 Rhizobotrya alpina, autogamy, ii. 335. 

 Rhizocarps, description, ii. 709. 

 Rhizoids, absorption-cells of Mosses, &c., i. 



86. 



— mechanical changes due to, i. 265, 



— of Griramia apocarpa, disintegrating 



power, i. 258. 



— of Mosses, water absorbents, i. 219. 

 Rhizoma, application of term, i. 624. 

 Rhizome, nature of, i. 652. 

 Rhizomes, dimensions of, ii. 797. 

 Rhizomorphs, of Agaricus melleus, ii. 689 

 Rhizophora, columnar roots, i. 759. 



— compared to viviparous animal, ii. 450. 



— elevation by roots, i. 771. 



— germination, kc, i. 602, 



— habitat, i. 602. 



— no root-cap in marsh-inhabiting, i. 164, 



— roots, i. 756. 



Rhizophora conjugata, embryogeny, &c., i. 



602. 

 flower, fruit, seed and germination, i. 



603. 

 stilb-roota, structure, i. 7C1. 



