980 



INDEX. 



Tubercles, of Orchids, with internal stomata, 



double function, i. 300. 

 Tubercular galls, ii. 535. 

 Tuberculosis, bacterial origin, ii. 624. 

 Tubers, propagation of hybrids by. ii. 556. 



— replacing flowers and fruit, ii. 460. 



— resting, of desert perennials, i. 556. 

 Tubular floret of Composite, ii. 115. 



Tufa, calcareous, formed by the action of 



Mosses, i. 260. 

 Tulip Tree. See Liriodendron UiHpifera. 

 Tulipa, artificially induced drooping, ii. 123. 



— dispersed by roots, ii. 832. 



— double flowers, iL 80. 



— forcing, i. 564. 



— hybridization and flower colours, ii. 568. 



— insect platform, ii. 229. 



— leaves and rain conduction, i. 94. 



— opening and closing, ii. 220. 



— opening of flower, ii. 212. 



Tulipa Didieri, cross-fertilization, ii. 307. 

 Tulipa Gesneriana, depth in soil and growth, 



a. 407. 

 Tulipa sylvestris, autogamy, ii. 379. 



flower, part of, ii. 240. 



protection of poUen, ii. 120. 



scent, ii. 203. 



Tulostoma mammosum, ii. 690. 

 Tunbridge ware and Peziza leruginosa, ii. 682. 

 Tundra, the. Lichens of. i. 213. 

 Tizrgenia, protogynous, ii. 311. 

 Turgenia latifolia, autogamy, ii. 342. 



flowers, sexual conditions, ii. 296. 



light and growth, ii. 508. 



Turgescence, i. 277. 



Turgidity, and "burning", i. 55i. 



— and growth, i. 511. 



— and leaf-movements, i. 532. 



— and opening of flowers, ii. 219. 



— and organic acids, i. 464, 



— and shortening of root, i. 770. 



— nature of, i. 59. 



— of staminal filaments, ii. 140. 

 Turion, application of term. i. 624. 



— scale leaves of, function, i. 625. 

 Turkey Oak. See Querciis Cerris. 

 Turnip. See Brassica Rapa nipin:ea. 

 Turpentine Gall-apple, ii. 534. 

 Turritis glabra, anthocyanin, i. 520. 

 TussUago, distribution of sexes, ii. 297. 



— geitonogamy, ii. 321. 



— imperfect flowers, ii. 295. 



— protection of pollen, ii. 120. 

 Tussilago Farfara, dichogamy, ii, 312. 



flowering and flowerless shoots, i. 652. 



two-coloured leaves, habitat, i. 293. 



Twayblade. See Listera. 



Twining, accessory aids, i. 687. 



— and torsion, i. 683. 



— conditions regulating, i. 682. 



— independence of external conditions, i. 



685. 



— plants, leaf arrangement, i. 420. 



— stem, mechanical tissue, i. 732. 



— stems, annual and perennial, i. 688. 



Ty Ian thus ericoides, rolledleaf , section.i. 301. 

 Typha, absorbent cotyledon, i 765. 



— cotyledon in germination, i. 606. 



— details of germination, i, 608. 

 . — erect leaves, i. 428. 



• — monoectous. ii. 297. 



— protogj-nous, ii. 313. 



• — wax on leaves, i. 292. 



Tyi)ha angustifolia, leaf-twist, i. 429. 

 Typha latifolia, cohering pollen-grains, ii. 97. 

 Typha Shuttleworthii. germination, i. 607. 



cohering pollen-grains, ii. 97. 



plumed fruits, ii. 857. 



Typhacea?, ii. 7^. 

 Typhus, relapsing, germ of, i. 163. 

 Tyrol, Castle of Ambras, Lichens on column 

 near, i. 247. 



— mountain pines, i. 549. 



— temperature observations, i. 547. 

 Tyrosin. i. 263. 



— an amide, i. 458. 



— nature of. ii. 199. 



u. 



TTdotea, thallus. ii. 645. 

 Ulex, explosive flowers, ii. 267. 



— protectionof stomata from moisture, i. 298. 

 Ulex GaUii, &c., fruit-protection, ii. 445. 

 spines, i. 434. 



TTlraaceEe. Ii. 758. 

 Ulmus, bud-scales, i. 626. 



— flowering, ii. 150. 



— leaf -mosaic, i. 422. 



— phyllotaxis, i. 399. 



— pollen dischai^e, ii. 145. 



— protogynous, ii. 313. 



— roots, i. 752. 



trimus campestris and gall of Schizoneura 

 Ulmi, ii. 533. 



and gall of Tetraneura alba, ii. 533. 



and gall of Tetraneura Ulmi, ii. 532, 533. 



diameter, i. 722. 



flowers and fruits, ii. 143- 



pocket-galls on, ii. 532. 



protogynous, ii. 311. 



Ulothrix, cilia of swarming protoplast, i. 29. 



— life-history, ii. 648. 



— vacuole of swarm-spore, i. 31. 

 Ulothrix zonata, ii. 648. 



fruit-formation, ii. 50- 



Ulva, chlorophyll bodies, i. 373. 



— habit, i. 587. 

 Ulvaceae, range, i. 390. 

 Ulvffl, on Crabs, i. 77. 



Ulva lactuca. best situation, i. 105. 

 Ulva latissima, ii. 648. 

 Umbel, i. 739. 

 Umbelliferae, ii. 788. 



— lestivation in, ii. 210. 



— and Field-mice, i. 763. 



— anthocyanin and elevation, i. 522. 



— autogamy, ii. 342. 



— behaviour of cotyledons, i. 600. 



— buds on hypocotyl, ii. 28. 



— coloured bracts in. ii. 183. 



— fleshy leaves, i. 327. 



— flowers, sexual conditions in, ii. 296. 



— geitonogamy in, ii. 323. 



— honey, ii. 179. 



— hybrids few, ii. 584. 



— insect guests, ii. 230, 243. 



— integument of ovule, ii. 81. 



— liberation of cotyledons, i. 612. 



— massing of flowers, ii. 186. 



— oriental, flowering, i. 745. 



— periodically pendulous umbels, L 530. 



— pollen deposition in, ii. 278. 



— pollen-grains, ii. 102. 



— power of crossing, ii. 616. 



— protection from grazing animals, i. 451. 

 of pollen, ii. 120. 



— protogyny in, ii. 311. 



— scent of flowers, stem, kc, ii. 199. 



— Bchizocarp and mericarps, ii. 430. 



— seed protection from dryness, ii. 450. 



— sticky stigmas in, ii. 282. 



— venation, i. 632. 



Umbilicaria, FoHose Lichen, ii, 694. 

 Umbrella Pine. See SciadopUhys verti- 



ciUata, 



Unbidden guests of plants, nature of, ii. 230. 



Undershrubs, characteristics of inflores- 

 cences, i. 745. 



— mechanical tissue arrangement, i. 729. 

 Underwood, promotion of growth, ii. 36. 

 Unfolding of Beech-leaves, i. 353- 



— of leaves, i. 349 



Unger, Franz, botanical observations at 

 KitzbUhel. ii. 495. 



— history of plants, ii. 3. 



— work on development and its title, i. 13. 

 Unguiculate petal, ii. 250. 



Unicellular organisms, green, behaviour 



towards hght, i. 382. 

 Unisexual flowers, ii. 291. 

 Unooa, scent, ii. 202. 

 Upas-tree. See Antiaris (oxtcan'o. 



Upsala, floral clock, ii. 215. 

 Urania, caudex, i- 714. 

 Urea, absorption of, i. 104. 

 Uredineae, dispersal of spores. iL 812. 



— habit and characteristics, ii. 685. 

 Urocystis, spores, ii. 675. 

 Urocystis Violae, ii. 676- 



Uromyces AlchemiUse, effect on Alchemilla 



vulgaris, ii. 524. 

 UromycesPhyteumatum, effect on Phyteuma 



orbiculare, ii. 524. 

 Uromyces Pisi, and Euphorbia Cyparissias. 



u. 525. 

 Uromyces Primulae integrifoliae, and Primula 



Clusiana, &c., ii. 525. 

 Urophora cardui, bud-galls on Ciisium 



arvense, ii. 543. 

 Urpflanze, Goethe's, i. 12. 

 Urtica, amount of pollen, it 151. 



— bast-cells, i. 725. 



— cotyledon stinging hairs, i. 623. 



— ejection of pollen, ii. 94, 136. 



— force of root-pressure in, i. 273. 



— pollen-grain, ii. 102. 



— pollination, ii. 133. 



— species causing tetanus, i. 442. 

 Urticaceffi. ii. 719. 



— andrcecium, ii. 750. 



— distribution of sexes, ii. 297. 



Urtica dioica, and gall of Cecidomyia urttcse, 

 ii. 534. 



distribution of sexes, ii. 300. 



stinging hair, i. 493. 



Urtica urens, moncecious, ii. 297. 



persistent cotyledons, i. 622. 



protogynoxis, ii. 313. 



stinging, i. 441. 



Usnea barbata. PI. XV. 



Fruticose Lichen, ii. 694. 



Ustilagineje, dispersal of spores, ii. 812. 

 Ustilago carbo. See U. segtinm. 

 Ustilago longissima, hosts, ii. 675. 

 Ustilago Maydis, ii. 675. 

 Ustilago segetum. Ufe-history, ii. 675. 

 Ustilago violacea, on Caryophyllaceae, ii. 675. 

 Utricle, of Genlisea, i. 124. 



— primordial, i. 25. 

 Utricularia, autogamy, ii. 356. 



— dispersal of offshoots, ii. 807. 



— embryo, i. 596. 



— floating habit, i. 668. 



— leaves and bladders, i. 120. 



— pollen deposition, ii. 280. 



— pollen dispersion, ii. 105. 



— protective isolation by water, iL 234. 

 Utricularia Grafiana, L 120. 

 Utricularia minor, i. 120. 



Utricularia neglecta, traps, absorption cells, 



L 121. 

 Utricularia nelumbifolia. commensal with 



Tillandsift, runners of, i. 123. 

 Utriculariee, carnivorous plants, with Lrap- 



bladders. L 120. 



— some non-aquatic, i. 123. 

 Uvularia, autogamy, ii. 332. 



— grandiflora, nectaries, IL 177. 



V. 



Vacciniacea.-, ii. 770. 

 Vaccinium, hybrids, iL 585. 



— pollen tetrads, ii. 97. 



— protection of pollen, ii. 107, 118. 



— sticky stigmas, ii. 282. 



Vaccinium M>Ttilius, allurement of insects, 



ii. 206. 



dehiscence of poUen-sacs, ii. 92. 



grooving of stem, i. 96. 



mycorhiza, i. 251. 



nectaries, ii. 175. 



protogynous, iL 310. 



Vaccinium Oxycoccus, dehiscence of itollen- 



sacs, ii. 92. 



duration of flowering, ii. 214. 



force of runners, L 516. 



stamen, ii. 91. 



