CONTENTS XV 



Page 



4. Labour .. .. .. -.197 



(a) Eural Depopulation . . . . . . 198 



(fc) Movements in Kural Population . . . . 199 



(c) Causes of the Eelative Decrease in the Supply 



of Labour . . . . . . . . 200 



(i.) The failure of the education system . . 200 



(ii.) Increased demand for town labour . . 201 



(iii.) Higher town wages . . . . . . 201 



(iv.) Inadequate provision for married workers 202 



(d) Some Eemedies . . . . . . 203 



(e) The Importance of the Labour Problem . . 203 



5. Capital .. .. .. .. ..205 



(a) Definition of Capital . . . . . . 206 



(&) Financing of Farmers . . . . . . 207 



6. Organisation . . . . . . . . . . 209 



(a) Managing Capacity Necessary in Farming . . 209 



(Z>) Methods of Cropping . . . . . . 210 



(c) A Rotation System .. .. ..212 



(d} General Lay-out of Farms . . . . 214 



Chapter IX. Cost of Production. 



1. A Controversial Question . . . . . . 217 



2. Meaning of Cost of Production . . . . . . 218 



3. Bent . . . . . . . . . . . . 220 



4. The Difficulties of the Problem . . . . . . 222 



5. Previous Work in Estimating Cost of Production . . 225 



6. The Presentation of Data from Eepresentative 



Farms . . . . . . . . . . 231 



7. Observations on the Eelative Costs . . . . 235 



8. Cost of Production and Market Price . . . . 237 



9. Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . 238 



Chapter X. Belated Topics. 



1. The Flour Millers' Association .. .. ..242 



(a) The Origin and Nature of the Flour Millers' 

 Association . . . . . . . . 243 



(ft) The Operations of the Association . . . . 245 



(c) Monopoly aimed at . . . . . . 247 



2. The Farmers ' Union . . . . . . . . 249 



(a) General Principles . . . . . . 249 



(b) The General Nature of the Union. 250 



(c) The Objects of the Union . . . . 252 



3. Protection for the Wheat Industry .. ..255 



(a) Protection in New Zealand . . . . 255 



(ft) General Effects of Protection .. .. 257 



(c) Some Arguments for Protection to the Wheat 



Industry .. .. .. ..260 



(d} General Freetrade would Benefit the Farmer 265 



