LEADING FEATURES OF THE WHEAT INDUSTRY 213 



April, without manure, about 1 to 1 bushels of seed 

 per acre being used. The last operation is a rolling or 

 harrowing of the crop in the spring according to growth. 

 Harvest operations commence soon after the New Year, 

 being followed along the course already noticed in 

 Chapter IV. 



Second Year. Immediately after harvest the land is 

 fallowed, after which it is subjected to various forms 

 of cultivation by discing, cultivating, or harrowing. In 

 April again the land is deep-ploughed, and the same 

 system of cultivation follows as was pursued in the first 

 year. 



Third Year. After the second wheat crop has been 

 harvested, the land is once more ploughed and left in 

 this state over the winter. Ploughing, it may be 

 mentioned, in this case does not occur until early winter. 

 During the summer the land is thoroughly cleaned, and 

 in December a root crop is sown with manure. The crop 

 provides excellent winter feed for sheep, and is eaten 

 off by July. 



Fourth Year. Immediately the land is free it is 

 ploughed again, and after a short period of cultivation 

 is sown in oats with grass. The crop is harvested at the 

 usual time, and then the land is left in grass for some 

 three years, after which it is again cultivated and 

 devoted to the same system of cultivation as before. 



This system of farming undoubtedly produces good 

 results ; for, during the years 1905-14 the yield per acre 

 for the whole farm has never been less than 37 bushels 

 per acre, and has been as high as 53. 



Such an intelligent and far-seeing system of cultivation 

 is not prevalent throughout the whole producing area; 

 if it were, our efficiency as producers of wheat would 

 be increased greatly. The general tendency, however, 

 is towards such rotation systems with careful cultivation 

 of the land for each crop. In so far as New Zealand 



