RUTICILLA. CYANECULA. 9 



E/uticilla titys. BLACK REDSTART. 

 Sylvia tithys, Scopoli, Ann. I. Hist. Nat. p. 157 (1769). 

 Sylvia tithys, Naum. iii. p. 525. 

 Ruticilla tithys, Macg. ii. p. 311; Gray, p. 58; Gould, ii. 



pi. 52; Harting, p. 13. 

 Phoenicura tithys, Hewitson, p. 105 ; Yarr. ed. 2, i. p. 264 ; 



id. ed. 3, i. p. 274. 



Ruticilla titys, Newton, i. p. 333; Dresser, ii. p. 293. 

 Black Redstart, Yarr. ed. 1, i. p. 241. 



Titys, so spelt by Gesner ; but the best Greek authorities write rlrt's, a small 

 chirping bird. Cf. rtrru/3tw = I chirp like a Partridge, and our Titmouse, 

 TMark. (Cf. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 4, x. p. 227.) 



A winter visitant to the south-west of Great Britain : 

 occasional elsewhere, and in Ireland: has been known to 

 breed in Notts. Breeds all over Central and Southern 

 Europe. Winters in North Africa. 



Genus CYANECULA, C. L. Brehm, Isis, 1828, p. 1280. 



Cyanecula = the little bluebird, from cydnus = icvavos, a dark blue substance. 



Cyanecula WOlfi. WHITE-SPOTTED BLUETHROAT. 



Sylvia wolfii, Brehm, Beitrage zur Vogelkunde, ii. 

 p. 173 (1822). 



Sylvia (Cyanecula) wolfii, Naum. xiii. p. 377. 

 Ruticilla wolfi, Newton^ i. p. 324. 

 Cyanecula leucocyana, Gould, ii. pi. 50. 

 Cyanecula wolfi, Harting, p. 103; Dresser, ii. p. 311. 



Named after Prof. Johann Wolf, Professor in Nuremberg, a celebrated German 

 ornithologist, and joint author with Dr. B. Meyer of the ' Taschenbuch d. 

 deutsch. Vogelkunde ' (1809-1810) and other works. 



A single specimen of this, the usual Western-European 

 form, was obtained in the Isle of Wight by Capt. Hadfield 

 (cf. Harting, /. c.}, and another near Scarborough, April 

 1876 ('Zoologist/ 1876, p. 4956). A third example is 

 recorded by Mr. J. Hancock (' Birds of Northumberland 

 and Durham/ p. 67) from near London, May 1845. 



