PYCNONOTID^. 35 



Anthus spipoletta, Newton, i. p. 581. 



Spipoletta, the common Italian name for any Pipit. Cf. Ital. pispigliare = 

 to whisper. From the root of pipio, pipilo = I chirp, Fr. piper, Dutch pieper, 

 our pipe, peep, pipit. Linnaeus' s spinoletta is a misprint ; cf. Newton, I. c. 



A very rare straggler to Great Britain. Breeds in Central 

 and Southern Europe, and extends eastwards into Central 

 Asia ; winters in North Africa. 



Anthus obscurus. EOCK-PIPIT. 



Alauda o b s c u r a, Latham, Ind. Orn. ii. p. 494 (1790) . 



Anthus aquaticus, Macy. ii. p. 194; Hewitson, p. 174. 

 Anthus obscurus, Gray, p. 71 ; Newton, i. p. 586; Gould, iii. 



pi. 10; Hartiny, p. 24; Dresser, iii. p. 343. 

 Anthus petrosus, Yarr. ed. 2, i. p. 432; id. ed. 3, i. p. 457. 

 Rock Pipit, Yarr. ed. 1, i. p. 394. 



Obscurus = dark. 



A common resident on the British coasts. Breeds through- 

 out Northern Europe, and winters in Central and Southern 

 Europe. 



[Family PYCNONOTID^E. 

 Genus PYCNONOTUS, Kuhl, fide F. Boie, Isis, 1826, p. 973. 



Pycnonotus, from TTVKVOS = close, compact, and VWTOV = the back ; in refer- 

 ence to the dense plumage. 



Pycnonotus barbatus. DUSKY BULBUL. 



Turdus barbatus, Desfontaines, Mem. de FAc. Roy. des 

 Sciences, p. 500 (1787). 



Pycnonotus barbatus, Newton, i. p. 250; Dresser, iii. p. 353. 



Barbatus = having a beard, barba, from the dark throat. 



An inhabitant of North-west Africa down to the Gaboon ; 

 it has erroneously been said to have been found in Spain. 

 It? o/- irrence in England (Zool. s. s. p. 228) is exceedingly 

 doubtful.] 



