CHARADRIUS. 157 



Genus CHARADBIUS, Linnaus, S. N. i. p. 253 (1766). 



Charadrius = xapadpios, in classical Greek, a bird dwelling in clefts or river- 

 valleys, xapa^pai. The sight of it was held to be a cure for the jaundice. 



Charadrius pluvialis. GOLDEN PLOVER. 



Charadrius Pluvialis, Linnaeus, S. N. i. p. 254 

 (1766). 



Chciradrius auratus, Naum. vii. p. 138 (Ch. pluvialis, xiii. 



p. 221). 



Pluvialis aurea, Macy. iv. p. 94. 

 Charadrius pluvialis, Hewitson, p. 291; Gray, p. 139; Yarr. 



ed. 2, ii. p. 447; id. ed. 3, ii. p. 476; Gould, iv. 



pis. 38, 39 ; Harting, p. 42 ; Dresser, vii. p. 435. 

 The Golden Plover, Yarr. ed. 1, ii. p. 385. 



Pluvialis = rainy; from pluvla = rain. Quia loca imbribus madida et paludes 

 frequentat (because it frequents places damp from rain, and marshes), says 

 Charleton, Onomast. Zoic. p. 109, 1668 ; though Littre derives the French 

 pluvier from the fact of the birds only reaching France in the rainy season. 



Met with, especially in winter, throughout the United 

 Kingdom, breeding numerously in the northern districts and 

 sparingly in the south. It is found as far east in the Palse- 

 arctic Region as Western Asia, and as far south in the Ethi- 

 opian Region as the Cape colony, being replaced in the 

 eastern Paleearctic Region by Charadrius fulvus and in the 

 Nearctic Region by Charadrius virginicus. 



Charadrius fulvus. EASTEEN GOLDEN PLOVEE. 



Charadrius fulvus, Gmelin, Syst. Nat. i. p. 687 



(1788). 



Charadrius fulvus, Dresser, vii. p. 443. 



Fulvus = tawny. 



One was found in Leadenhall Market, December 1874, 

 which had been received from Norfolk (Dresser, ' Ibis/ 1875, 

 p. 513). It has a wide range in Asia and Australia, but 

 rarely reaches Europe, though it has occurred in Heligoland, 

 Malta, and Algeria. Breeds in Eastern Siberia. 



