PROBLEM 24 



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ment. What parts of the flower appear to gJ'ow into the fruit? 

 Cut cross and longituchnal sections of an apple. Find seed cases 

 of the ovary. How many are there? What do you find in them? 



Conclusion. — 1. From what does the fleshy part of the apple 

 develop? The part that holds the seeds? 



2. Give reasons for your answer in a well written paragraph. 



Problem 24 : How and why fruits and seeds are scattered. 



Materials. — Fruits of burdock, jinison weed, clotbur, thistle, 

 beg;gar's tick, maple, linden, dandelion, crane's-bill, raspberry, 

 acorn, peac/h, chestnut, pines, and witch-hazel in boxes or glass 

 bottles. 



Method. — Collect as many as possible of the above-mentioned 

 fruits and seeds' yourself, taking notes on where they were found. 

 Any overgrown city lot will yield some of the above, a trip to a park 

 or to the country in the fall will give you many more. The rest 

 may be obtained from your instructor. After bringing your mate- 

 rial to class, place it in boxes provided for that purpose. 



Observations. — Classify your fruits and seeds in the following 

 table, giving means of scattering : 



Conclusion. — 1. Write a paragraph telling the devices you have 

 found in the seed or fruit to help it be scattered. Also tell all 

 the ways in which seeds or fruits may be scattered. 



2. Give as good a reason as you are able, why it is desirable for 

 plants to scatter their seeds and fruits at some distance from the 

 parent plants. 



Problem Questions 



1. What are the needs of living things? 



2. What are the functions of living things? 



