24 FOGS. 



Winds between the south and east are most ahvays accompanied 

 with rain and fog in every part. E. N. E. winds above Point de 

 Monts are often E. S. E. or S. E. winds in the Gulf, changed in direc- 

 tion by the high lands of the south coast, and have therefore, in gen- 

 eral, the same foggy character. Winds of considerable strength and 

 duration are meant here, which probably extend over great dis- 

 tances. Moderate or partially fine weather winds may occur with- 

 out fog at any season, and in any locality. In the early part of the 

 navigable season, especially in the months of April and May, clear 

 weather N. E. winds are of frequent occurrence, and they also 

 sometimes occur at other seasons in every part of the Gulf and 

 River St. Lawrence. 'The fogs sometimes last several days in 

 succession and to a vessel either running up or beating down, dur- 

 ing their continuance, there is no safe guide but the constant use of 

 the deep-sea lead, with a chart containing correct soundings. 



"The fogs which accompany easterly gales extend higher up into 

 the atmosphere, and cannot be looked over from any part of the 

 rigging of a ship. They, however, are not so thick as those which 

 occur in calms after a strong wind, and which are frequently so 

 dense as to conceal a vessel within hail, while the former often, 

 but not always, admit the land, or other objects, to be distinguished 

 at the distance of half a mile or more in the daytime. 



"The dense fogs which occur in calms, or even in very light 

 winds, often extend only to small elevations above the sea ; so that 

 it sometimes happens that when objects are hidden at a distance of 

 fifty yards from the deck, they can be plainly seen by a person fifty or 

 sixty feet up the rigging. In the months of October and Novem- 

 ber, the fogs and rain that accompany easterly gales are replaced 

 by thick snow, which causes equal embarrassment to the navigator." 



I have frequently proven the truth of nearly every statement 

 contained within the above quotation. 



One other subject remains to be spoken of, and that but briefly : 

 It is the ice of the Gulf of St. Lawrence and the Straits of Belle 

 Isle. It is very fortunate for us that the admirable work done by 

 Bayfield along this part of the coast remains as a monument to his 



