36 HISTORY OF QUEBEC. 



" In 1534 Canada was discovered by Jacques Cartier, of St. Malo, 

 in France. The name is derived from 'Kanata', an Indian word 

 signifying 'a collection of huts.' In 1535 Jacques Cartier made 

 a second voyage and made friends with Donnacona, the chief of 

 Stadacona, where Quebec now stands. Stadacona is Algonquin, 

 while TiontiriH is Huron, both meaning 'the narrowing of the 

 river ; ' the St. Lawrence being less than a mile wide opposite the 

 city. Jacques Cartier wintered in the river St. Charles and called 

 it St. Croix. His winter quarters were near the present residence 

 of Mr. Park Ringfield. In 1540 he made a third voyage and built 

 a fort at Cape Rouge and also visited Hochelaga, now Montreal. 

 In 1608 Champlain arrived at Stadacona, and landing his followers 

 founded the city of Quebec. No satisfactory explanation can be 

 given of the meaning of the word. The city has been besieged five 

 different times. In 1629 Champlain was obliged to deliver up 

 everything to Sir David Kerkt ; but by the treaty of St. Germain- 

 en- Laye, Canada was restored to France, and Champlain returned 

 as Governor of the colony. In October, 1690, Sir William Phipps 

 appeared before the city and demanded its surrender of Count de 

 Frontenac who refused ; after a harmless bombardment the English 

 retired. In 1 7 1 1 another English fleet under Sir Harendon Walker 

 sailed for Quebec, but was nearly destroyed by a storm in the Gulf 

 of St. Lawrence ; for these two last deliverances the little church 

 in the lower town was called Notre Dame des Victoires. 



"On the 25th of June, 1759, Admiral Saunders anchored his 

 fleet and transports, with General Wolfe and the English army on 

 board, off the Island of Orleans, then called Isle de Bacchus. 

 The troops landed on the Island on the following day, near the 

 church of St. Laurent and marched to the west end from which 

 position they could view Quebec ; the French army under Mont- 

 calm, consisting of about 13,000 men, was encamped on the oppo- 

 site shore of Beauport. General Monckton, with four battalions, 

 occupied the heights of Levis from which position he bombarded 

 the city and laid it in ruins. General Wolfe then crossed to the 

 mainland, to the east of the river Montmorenci, and on the 31st 



