1916.] C. B. Kloss : Fruit-hats of Malacca Straits. 247 



Head ; dark Mars-brown to nape. 



Underparts; Mars-brown, becoming blackish on 

 throat and sides of body. 



6 r^emales: — 



Backs; as in females of P. h. rohinsoni. 



Mantle ; bay to chestnut, much darker than P. h. 

 rohinsoni (one example, 83/15, however closely 

 resembling 248/09 of that race). 



Heads; resembling the male (except in 83/15, where 

 the crown and mantle are concolorous, but differing 

 from 248/og in which the crown is pale). 



Underparts ; dark like the male or with the centre of 

 the abdomen paler (the underpart of 83/15 however 

 almost concolorous with the mantle). 



(For measurements see table p. 248). 



Amongst the above animals certain sexual differences of 

 colour seem to be observable. 



In P. h. geminorwn, the series is too small for deductions 

 and the male is only distinguished by a paler, brighter mantle 

 as is usual among the Fruit-bats. 



In animals from the Sembilans and Jarak the back of the 

 males are uniformly darker, being blacker (less brown) and in 

 the Sembilan examples the heads and mantles are also darker : 

 an immature male alone resembling the females. In the Jarak 

 series the mantle of the single male is, on the contrar}', 

 brighter and lighter than that of the female: so that the only 

 constant difference between the sexes of animals from those 

 two places is in the colour of the back. 



The males from the three localities much more nearly 

 resemble each other than do the females, in whom characters 

 seem more stable. P. h. geminorum, with its grey head and 

 back, is very unlike the others, and, since their darker head, 

 mantle and underparts clearly distinguish Jarak females from 

 females of P. h. rohinsoni, I propose that the former should be 

 known as 



Pteropus hypomelanus fretensis, subsp. nov. 



Characterised as follows : Back, light seal-brown, 

 sprinkled with a few whitish hairs; mantle dark bay, head 

 dark Mars-brown to nape; underparts bright Mars-brown, 

 becoming blackish on throat and side. 



Type. Adult female (skin and skull) F.M.S. No. 80/15. 

 Collected on Pulau Jarak, Straits of Malacca, on April 

 5th, 1915- 



(For measurements see table p. 248). 



There are no characters in the skulls and teeth which 

 will serve to distinguish between these races and, as may be 

 seen from the table, measurements completely intergrade. 



