1921] 



MouLTON : Malaysian Butterflies. 



163 



and more smoky colouring above and below ; in this last 

 respect it approaches mainland males. Further examples 

 are wanted from this island before the question of possible 

 subspecilic distinction for this forni can be settled. 



Distrib. Neomalaya and Palawan. The Malaysian 

 subspecies are : — 



/. d. daos Boisd. 

 /. d. perakana Fruhst. 

 /. d. natunensis Fruhst. 

 /. d. lingana Fruhst. 

 /. d. sonia Fruhst. 

 /. d. eudora Gray 

 /. d. costalis Moore 

 /. d. batuiia F'ruhst. 

 /. d. nigrocostalis Hag. 



Borneo. 

 Mentawt'i Is. 

 Malay Peninsula, 

 r.ingga Archipelago. 

 Xatiina Is. 

 North Sumatra. 

 West Sumatra. 

 Nias 1. 

 Batu Is. 



I 



One other very distinct form occurs in Malaysia : — 

 6. Jdeopsis gaura Horsf . 



Idcojt.sis gaiirti I'nihstni-l'ci- I'.tltl, p. 2\(\. 



Distrib. Java. 



It is perhaps doubtful policy to give it specific dis- 

 tinction, as it is obviously the Javan representative of daos. 

 Unfortunately gaura is the older name, so that ii we are 

 to recognize but one species in Malaysia, it will bear that 

 name, while Boisduval's long-accepted name daos will 

 only cover the Bornean subspecies. 



On the other hand tiie separation of the Javan form 

 as a separate species serves a good purpose in emphasizing 

 the marked dill'erence between Ihe fauna of Java and that 

 of the three neighbouring countries (Malay Peninsula, 

 Borneo and Sumatra) which I have designated Neomalaya.^ 

 Genus DANAmA, Lair. 



The species found in the Malay Peninsula fall into the 

 following subgenera : — 



a. Males without scent patch on hind wing Radena. 



a\ Males with scent patch on hind wing. 

 b. Two patches at anal angle, on tirst median 

 nervule and sub-median nervure. 

 c. Sub-median nervure noticeably 



dilated below Chittira. 



c\ Sub-median nervure not noticeably 

 dilated. 



d. Base of liind wing not yellow Paralitica. 

 cT. Base of hind wing canary 



yellow Ravadeba. 



b\ One patch only, on under side between 

 first median nervule and sub-median 

 nervure. 



c. Patch protruding as a prominent flap Tirumala. 

 c\ Patch smaller and less prominent. 



d. Patch toucliing vein . Anosia. 



d\ Patch not touching vein. 



e. Middle discoceliular of 

 hind wing strongly 

 angled m male Lininas. 



e\ Middle discoceliular 

 slightly incurved in 

 male Danaida. 



' MouLTON, 1915, p. 198. 



