164 Journal of the F.M.S. Museums. [Vol. X, 



Subgenus Radena, Moore. 



a. Discal region of hind wing predominantly 



fuscous, marked with hyaline streaks vulgaris. 



a\ Discal region of hind wing predominantly 

 pale green hvaline, marked with fuscous 

 lines «''«^- 



7. Danaida similis Linn, vulgaris Butl. 



Danaida similis vulgaris Fruhstorfer 1910, p. 211. 

 Danaida aimilis interposita Fruhstorfer 1910, p. 211. 

 Danaida similis macrina Fruhstorfer 1910, p. 211. 

 Radena vulgaris Distant 1882, p. 10, Tab. 1, fig, 8. 



A common butterfly ranging throughout the Malay 

 Penmsula from Hat Sanuk, S.W. Siam (Lat. 12 N.), south 

 to Singapore, Borneo and Sumatra. 



Two of the three specimens in the F.M.S. Museums 

 series from S.W. Siam are certainly not separable from 

 vulgaris. The third is referable to the Siamese subspecies 

 persirnilis Moore, wet-season form. Large examples of 

 this are regarded by Fruhstorfer as an aberration named 

 avenlina Cramer, which is characterized by the post-cellular 

 spots of the fore wing being rounded instead of acutely 

 wedge-shaped. The Siamese persirnilis is similarly dis- 

 tinguished from vulgaris, but it is a smaller insect than 

 the aventina figured by Fruhstorf-er.^ In the dry-season 

 form the post-cellular spots are reduced in both wings. 

 A specimen from Trengganu in the F.M.S. Museums is an 

 interesting intermediate between wet-season persirnilis and 

 aventina. The hyaline areas are rather larger and more 

 noticeably pale green than in typical vulgaris. In size it 

 is larger than persirnilis, but not quite so large as aventina. 

 The application of this latter name to the wet-season form 

 of both persirnilis and vulgaris is, I think, permissible, 

 although the dry-season fornis of both are readily separated. 

 Fruhstorfer records a large wet-season form hyria in 

 Annam and Tonkin, drft'ering from aventina in having the 

 hyaline areas whitish instead of green. The wet-season 

 form aventina thus ranges southwards through Siam and is 

 known at present from Hat Sanuk (Lat. 12° N.), Tasan 

 (Lat. 10° 30' N.) and Trengganu (Lat. 5° 30' N). 



Frulistorfer's subspecies interposita" for the Bornean 

 forms and macrina ^ for the Sumatran forms have already 

 been sunk as synonyms of vulgaris. The remaining 

 Malaysian forms are hsted below. 



Distrib. Loo (^hoo Islands to Palawan, Sumbawa and 

 Flores, and west through South China and Malaysia to India 

 and Ceylon. 



' Fruhstorfer, 1910, fig. 78 C. 

 ' MouLTON, 1915, p. 201. 

 'Rothschild, 1920, p. 148. 



