172 Journal of the F.M.S. Museums. [Vol X, 



Subgenus Tirumala, Moore. 



The males of this subgenus are distinguished by a 

 prominent flap-like scent patch on the underside of the 

 hind wing. The two Malaysian species may be further re- 

 cognized by the absence of white spots in the hmd wing 

 in the angles formed by the bases of the median nervuies. 

 These angles are delineated by tine whitish lines in 

 Tirumala. 



a. Sub-hyaline spots and lines bluish and 



much reduced septentrionis. 



n\ Sub-hyaline spots and lines whitish and 



large limniace. 



19. Danaida melissa Cr. seplentrionis Butl. 



DdiKtidii nieli.ssd scplenlriom's Friilistorfer 1009, p. 202 

 Danais septentrionis Distant 1882, p. 16, Tab. I, flg. 9. 



Loc. S.W. Siam : Hat Sanuk and Tasan ; Perak : 

 Maxwell's Hill and Kuala Kangsar ; Negri Sembilan : Bukit 

 Tangga (F.M.S. Mus.). Perak : Kuala Lenggong (F.M.S. 

 Agric. Dept.). 



Out of 18 in the F.M.S. Museums, 16 are males 



Distrib. India to Cochin-China, Siam, the Malay 

 Peninsula and Sumatra. Other Malaysian subspecies are : — 



D. ni. melissa Cr. Java. 



D. m. rufiventris Fruhst. Nias I. 



D. m. microsticta Butl. Borneo. 



D. m. suanetes Fruhst. Balabac I. 



Several other subspecies range further East as far as 

 Fiji and the New Hebrides. 



20. Danaida limniace Cr. limniace Cr. 



A single male in the Raffles Museum, unfortunately 

 without locality label, may perhaps constitute the first 

 record of this species from the Malay Peninsula, since the 

 greater part of the buttertly collection in this Museum 

 comes from that country. 



Godfrey ^ records typical limniace from Siam (Lat. 

 13' N.) as " not very common. Taken only on the 

 Petchaburi River and in the Sriracha forest." 



The Raffles Museum specimen agrees well with a 

 Siamese male kindly sent to me by Godfrey and with 

 Bingham's description and figure of the Indian form.^ 



* Godfrey, 1916, p. 118. 



' Bingham, 1905, p. 16, flg. 5. 



