VI 



CONTENTS 



Page 



The Sac Fungi, or Ascomycetcs HO 



The Lichens 112 



The Basidia Fungi, or Basidiomycetes 114 



The Liverworts, or Ilepatica; H" 



The Mosses, or Musci 126 



The Ferns, or Filicinese 132 



The Horsetails, or Equisetinese 142 



The Club Mosses, or Lycopodineae 145 



The Gymnosperms, or Gymnospermce 151 



The Angiosperms, or Angiospermse 159 



PART III — ECOLOGY 



Parasitic and Carnivorous Plants . 

 How Plants protect themselves from Animals 

 Pollination of Flowers .... 

 How Plants are scattered and propagated 

 Competition and Invasion 



Plant Successions 



Ecological Classes 



Plant Formations ; Zonation . 

 Study of Types of Seed Plants 



167 



168 

 168 

 172 

 174 

 175 

 175 

 177 

 179 



BOTANICAL MICROTECHNIQUE 



General Reagents employed in Temporary Preparations . . . 188 

 Some Special Reagents for Microchemical Tests and Temporary Prepa- 

 rations ............ 190 



Killing and Fixing ........... 191 



The Preservation of Material 195 



General Staining Methods 197 



Mounting in Balsam and Glycerin ....... 200 



Imbedding in Paraffin .......... 202 



Sectioning 204 



Staining on the Slide 207 



CULTURE METHODS 



The Culture of Algje 211 



The Culture of Fungi 212 



The Culture of Liverworts and Mosses 215 



The Culture of Ferns 216 



The Culture of Seed Plants 216 



