32 



in the Labrador waters the year round, like the Jar and Bearded 

 seal and Ranger. The name Bladder-nose is derived from a 

 protuberance on the nose of the male, which becomes inflated 

 when it is angry or excited. 



The walrus (Phoca rosmorus, Linn), {ai'4>ik) is seldom seen 

 along the Atlantic coast^ although it formerly ranged as far 

 south as the St. Lawrence. Off the northeast coast of Labrador 

 and southern Baffin island, and the western end of Hudson strait, 

 the walrus is still plentiful. 



The white whale {killilu-'yuk) forms an important part of 

 the food supply in Ungava bay and on the east coast of Hudson 

 bay. It is taken at the Hudson's Bay Company posts at Fort 

 Chimo and Great Whale river, and the hides and oil exported 

 as a regular industry. Nets are placed across the entrance of 

 the large rivers at high tide, and the animals trapped when the 

 tide goes out. Both Eskimo and Indians are employed in this 

 work. 



LAND MAMMALS. 



As a complement to the seal, the "reindeer" or barren- 

 ground caribou forms the other great food staple of the Eskimo. 

 The caribou are taken on the Atlantic coast of Labrador and at 

 the mouth of the Koksoak river in Ungava bay, when they come 

 out in the spring migration to escape the pest of mosquitoes 

 in the interior. Large numbers of the migrating herds are still 

 killed at Fort Chimo, Ungava, and at Nachvak, Saglek, and 

 Davis inlets, Nain, and a few at the head of Hamilton inlet 

 and Sandwich bay on the Labrador coast. The interior Is said 

 to contain three immense herds,'^ two of which are hunted 

 mainly by the Eskimo. One spends the summer between 

 Nachvak and Nain; and the other crosses the Koksoak near 

 Fort Chimo to the west side of Ungava bay.^ 



1 The author encountered a large herd of walrus in heavy ice off Davis inlet during this 

 trip. As the season was a particularly late one and the ice unusually abundant, they may 

 have drifted south with the pack. There used to be a large herd which was hunted at Nachvak 

 yearly. 



5 See Report on Labrador, A. P. Low, Geological Survey, Annual Report, 1895, vol. VIII, 

 p. 319. 



' For a very interesting account of the annual hunt at Fort Chimo, see Turner's account 

 In Ethnology oj the Ungava district, 11th Rep. Bureau of Am. Ethnology. 



