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introduction and use is evidently more recent. It was probably 

 first obtained from the Hudson Bay and independent traders to 

 the south and west, but may have come through Baffin island 

 from Greenland. It was an article of trade with the early 

 explorers and whalers. The Labrador Eskimo, together with 

 the Eskimo of Hudson bay, use the Indian pipe and European 

 tobacco, in distinction from the western group, composed of 

 the Alaskan, Mackenzie, and Copper Eskimo, who use the 

 eastern Asiatic pipe and Circassian leaf introduced through 

 native Siberian traders at an early date. 



Tobacco is used mostly for smoking in eastern Labrador. 

 A man is rarely seen chewing. Snuff is used by the old women. 

 The pouch-shaped tobacco bag, described under "Clothing," is 

 used for snuff. With the old-style pouch went a small horn or 

 ivory spoon which was held to the nostril and the snuff inhaled 

 while the other nostril was closed with the thumb. The form of 

 the men's tobacco bag is given in the same section. With the 

 men's pouch is a small ivory pin for cleaning out the pipe. 

 Modern bags are decorated with beads in various designs. 



NEEDLE-CASES. 



The needle-cases used by the Labrador Eskimo conform to 

 the square-ended shape characteristic of the Eastern Eskimo. 

 Some interesting variations are to be seen in the Museum in 

 some old specimens from Labrador. In the oldest specimens 

 one end is closed by an ivory decoration which forms a handle 

 by which it can be tied to the belt (Plate XXIV a, c, and e). 

 The interior is hollow, and filled with moss. Bone needles were 

 placed in this soft bed and the other end closed with an ivory 

 plug. In more modern specimens the needles are thrust in a 

 sealskin thong running through the interior, which is pulled out, 

 when needed, by an ivory button at the end of the thong.^ In 

 one of the specimens illustrated, this is carved into the form of a 

 seal (Plate XXIV b). One needle case is rounded, approaching 

 the cylindrical Alaskan shape (Plate XXIV d). 



1 The form of the catch on the other end of the thong is seen in Plate XXIV b, d, f. 



