THE LANCASTER FARMER. 



23 



tlip t'lid of tlie scconil season. Tlic two CiUics 

 of the vine arc now slidi-tt'iicd to four fciH eacli 

 aii<l bent down in opposite directions and laid 

 against the lower barof the trellis to form arms. 

 Select live or six of the buds on tlic upper side 

 of the arms thus laid down, to be >;rowii into 

 upriglit (^anes, making a mark on the trelHs bivr 

 opposite to each, and arrange the upright wires 

 accordingly. When the buds have all started, 

 and made ii growtli of two or three inches, the 

 arms should 1h^ brought up level and fast- 

 ened to tlie side oft lie lower bar. All buds and 

 shoots not wanted for upright canes sliould lie 

 broken otT, and so soon as those remaining are 

 longeliough to tie totlie uiirighl wires, it should 

 be carefully done. AVhcn the upriglit canes have 

 grown to almost two feet, they should lie stopped 

 by iiinching otF their ends, which will cause the 

 remaining leaves to grow healthy and more 

 vigorously. When they grow again to a few 

 inches, they should be again checked, so as to 

 keep them within the limits of the trellis, and 

 not allow them to grow much, if any, above it. 

 All the liitcr<ds or sldesliootssliould bestopjied 

 as thongh thej' were on young vini's. Figure 

 2 represents a vine at the end of the first .sea- 

 son aftertlie armsare formed. The first ujiright 

 cane at the left hand of the middle, shows the 

 position of the three branches of fruit, which is 

 all that should be allowed to grow on each .shoot 

 this year. No more fruiting canes should be 

 allowed to grow on one side than the other — 

 the vhw should be kept equally Ijalauced in 

 fruit, foliage and wood. 



The upright canes are pruned Uick the first 

 year of training to two buds; the small cross 

 lines near the ba,se of the canes (Fig. 2) show 

 where they should be cut. The next year a 

 cane will procee*! from each of these biuls, and 

 all otluT shoots which may start from the 

 sniiiU ends near the arm should be rublied off; 

 or, if the buds should produce two shoots each, 

 as they will sometimes do, only the strongest 

 one should be allowed to grow. The second 

 year the caues will each produce three or four 

 bunches of fruit, and instead of twelve uiiright 

 canes (supposing that to have been the number 

 the first year) we now have twenty-four, and 

 allowing three bimchesof fruit to each, it gives 

 seventy-two bimches to each vine ; and Mr. 

 Fuller says this is not an over-estimate for the 

 product of a vine the fourth year after plant- 

 ing. The canes are to be treated the same aa 

 regards stopping, pinching laterals, etc., dur- 

 ing each year of their growth. Figure :S shows 

 a vine at the end of the fourth year (the second 

 on the trellis,) but with only five spurs with 

 two canes on each, making ten bearing canes 

 on each arm. The first two canes at the right 

 hand of the middle are represented with the 

 three bunches of fruit on each. The cross 

 lines near the base of the shoots show where 

 the vine is to be pruned at the end of the fourth 

 year. The uppermost of the two canes is cut 

 entirely away, and the other is cut back to two 

 buds. The vine in siibsequent years is to be 

 pruned in the same manner; but each year the 

 pruning should be reversed, if the position of 

 the lowi^r bud will .admit of it; that is, if we 

 cut away the left hand cane this season, we 

 should cut away the right hand cane thene.xt; 

 in this way the spur will remain nearly upright. 



The olijection to this system of training has 

 been urged that in time the simrs liecome so 

 long as to be unsightly and iiK'onvenient; but 

 taking the average of .some twenty varieties 

 that he had trained, Mr. Fuller foiiiid that the 

 spurs do not increase more than three-fourths 

 of an inch each year, and if the foregoing de- 

 tails are strictly followed, the <i.nus need not be 

 renewed oftener than once in fifteen or 

 twenty years. If necessary, new arms may be 

 formed by allowing the two middle .spurs to 

 produce but one cane each, and these may 

 grow four or five feet long; at the next prun- 

 ing the old arms should then be cut away and 

 these two new canes bent down to form new 

 ones. 



For garden culture the trellis is as indis- 

 pensable as in the vineyard, as the vines should 

 never be fastened directly on the side of a 

 building or fence, but should be at least six 

 inches from them; a foot is still batter, as 



this allows a free circulation of air liehiml thi^ 

 vine, and i>revents, in a great measure, the 

 brui.sing of the leaves, which usually occurs 

 when vines are laid against tiu- boards or 

 walls. Where the space is limited, as in a 

 yard, the form oftrellis may be varieil to suit. 

 15y doubling the height of tht^ tnOlis and train- 

 ing four tiers of arms instead of two, the 

 (piatitity of fruit may be doublcil ; thongh 

 where economy of space is not an object it is 

 better tn conline the system to one titir. 



There arc many whys and wherefores which 

 may suggest themselves to the mind of the 

 amateur, which we have not space to explain 

 in this article ; but it will Iw the pleasure of 

 TllK F.MtMKlt to answer any spe(;jal iiKiuir- 

 ies on this as on other sul)jects, as well as to 

 give expression to the views of any of our 

 friends who may be partial to any other .sy.s- 

 tem of pruning and training. j. M. w. o. 



LANCASTER COUNTY APPLES. 



THE SMOIvKIIOUSE. 



One of the most popular apples in this 

 State, and especially in this couidy, is tlie 

 SMOivElKU'SE, and unless it proves inferior in 

 other sections it is destined to become much 

 more widely disseminated. Its history and 

 description can probably not lie better given 

 than has been done by Downing, as follows : 

 "Origin — Lancaster county, Pa,, near Mill- 

 creek; grew on the farm of Gibbons,* near 



his smokehouse ; hence its name. " Downing 

 pronounces it "good; valued for culinary 

 uses." This description has no doubt made 

 an impression, where it is not known, that it 

 is valued for culinary uses only. 



This, however, is a mistake wherever such 

 an impression exists, for in this section of 

 country, if (in its season) it is not sold iiutrc 

 readily by hucksters and retailers than any 

 other ajiple, it certainly sells second to notie. 

 " WM. fenn" — "penn" — "pen." 



Origin — Columbia, Lancaster county. It 

 is the opinion of Charles Downing that the 

 above names represent one and the same 

 apple. Although a great deal of controversy 

 has been had of late on account of another 

 apple becoming somewhat disseminated by 

 the name "Pen," it has since been conclu- 

 sively shown to he "Baldwin." .Suffice it to 

 say that the "Wm. Penn" is a Lancaster 

 coimty apple, described by Downing. It is 

 an excellent keeper and a prolific bearer. It 

 is important to pomology that there should 

 not be two fruits of the same class put out 

 under the same name. Should this article 

 cause further controversy, I shall be prepared 

 to show conclusively how and why the confu- 

 sion between two such different apples has 

 occuired. 



SAYLOR. 



The original tree of this apple stands now 

 in this town, (Marietta, Pa.,) on the property 

 formerl}' owned by Edward Saylor ; hence its 

 name. It has been an enormous and is still 

 an excellent bearer. It is described by Down- 

 ing under the name "Ned," which name 

 was aft(!rwards objected to by Saylor's friends 

 on account of its being a nickname givini to 

 him. In the nurseries it is now, I believe, 

 grown under the name of Savior only. It has 

 to .some extent been fruited on young trees, 

 and promises to be one of the most valuable 

 winter apples, for this section at least. As 

 an early, regular, and prolific bearer it is fully 

 equal to that iiopular apple, "Smith's C'ider;" 

 probably not quite equal in size, but of belter 

 quality, and ipiite as good a keeper. Whether 

 it will ]irove eiiually as valuable in other sec-- 

 tions will require further testing. 



all-summer, 

 is another Lancaster county seedling, destined 

 to Ix-come popular. As a summer apple there is 

 nothing again.st it except size, which is, how- 



*To be more explicit, this popular apple originated about 

 the year 1805, ou the farm of WiIIi;im Oibbona, a ^^nind- 

 uncle of Dr. Jo«. Gibbous, who atill reside)* ou tlie old 

 homestead, in Ui>per Leacock, aud keeps up a fiue supply 

 of the aucestnU fruit. o. 



ver, more attributable to overbearing than to 

 its real nature. When not lierinitted to over- 

 liear the fruit is niedium si/e, very crisp and 

 tender, the flavor resembling Farly Harvest, 

 but fruit of much more perfect form. The tree 

 bears very young. It was first brought to 

 imblit^ notice, I believe, by Casper Hiller, of 

 Coiiestoga ("entre, Lancaster county. 



KI^APROTU 



is also a Lancaster county a))iile, brought into 

 notice by Dr. J. K. Kshleiiian, on the farm of 

 Mr. Iheneman, lint he does not locate it. A 

 vigorous grower and prolifii^ liearer; pro- 

 nounced very good. August to October. 



IIELMONT. 



This very popular aiipN? originated near 

 Strasburg, Lancaster cimiity, in the garden of 

 Mr.s. Beam, at her gate— hence, the name 

 "(iate ap]il(%" as also other synonyms. 

 Although tliis valuable fruit is a native of our 

 county, it has not been extensively ]ilante<l 

 here, while in the west it is one of the most 

 popular winter apiiles. Its season is from 

 November to February. Size, medium to 

 large ; quality very good. 



FAN.W. 



This apiile also originated near Strasburg, 

 on the farm f<irmerly owned by .Jacob I5(;am. 

 Fruit large ; (luality very good. A new apple 

 of great promi.se. 



FRANKLIN. 



A native of Lanciuster county, not located 

 by Downing. Pronounced good. Septenilwr 

 to November. 



These are all described by Downing in his 

 great work, "F^ruit and Fruit Trees of 

 America" — a work which should lie in the 

 possession of every fruil-grower in the land. 



There are other valuable apples in Lancas- 

 ter county mit yet brought to public notice, 

 which should be liroiight out and fairly tested. 

 Not that the present catahigues contain too 

 few'varieties, but because fruits generally suc- 

 ceed best when not too far from their native 

 home. Lancaster county has already cfintri- 

 buted its full share to our native list of apples, 

 but as there are still valuable kinds not brought 

 liefore the public, may I, in behalf of progres- 

 sive pomologists, solicit all who possess valuable 

 apples, a-s also other fruits, not yet brought to 

 publicity, to bring such to the monthly meet- 

 ings of our Agricultural and Horticultural 

 Societj', where they will l^e examined by com- 

 petent committees, and reported through 

 The Lancaster F'aumer. u. m. e. 



THE PERSIMMON. 



Tlie persimmon {Diospi/ms Virriiniana) 

 sometimes called the date iilnm, from the re- 

 semblance of the dried fruit to that of the 

 true date, is found from T,ouisiana to New 

 York. In some soils it grows only to a large 

 bush, while in rich bottom land it is freiiuently 

 found twenty or m<ire inches in diameter, and 

 as much as sixty feet high. Some of the 

 trees appear to be i)ure males and are barren, 

 while others have perfect flowers, and bring 

 forth fruit without the aid of the ]iurely male. 

 Hut a male plant in the vicinity of the others 

 is of much advantage in producing large 

 crops. 



The fruit in its wild state varies considera- 

 bly in size and (piality. In cultivation it 

 shows a disposition to increase, in size, and 

 from this we might infer that the horticul- 

 turist would have but little difliculty in bring- 

 ing about results .as favorabli- as have lieeii 

 accomplished in the peach, plum, &c. 



The fruit is iiroduced abundantly and ripens 

 after most fruitsare over ; heni:e it would prove 

 a valu.able addition to our fall siqiiilv. Ft is 

 very pleasant to most palates, and in its dried 

 state is by many considered much superi<ir to 

 the true date. I have no doubt that by and 

 by we shall have seedless varieties, as we 

 have kinds now that are almost so. 



Indeed, I was under the inqiression for sev- 

 eral years past that that desideratum was an 

 accoinplished fact. A tree growing on the 

 premises of Mrs. Rogers in East King street, 



