1875.] 



THE LANCASTER FARMER. 



d39 



way to ect lit it woulil bo to take the averiisi", ami lie 

 was well aware tliat laiul eiiulil be bouirlit here lor 

 $")0 per aerc, as well as in Chester eouiity. lie eilecl 

 the ease of a lariiieriii tliiseounly who raises nothiiiR 

 but the best live stoek, and makes the farm sii)i|«irt 

 it. He proihiees not less than three luiiidreil |huiiii1s 

 of butter weekly, whieh, to sell at an averai;e of 41) 

 eeiits per poiimf the yi'ar roinul, will briiii; in at least 

 Jodll per month— a pretty fair ineonie,it niustbecou- 

 fesseii — whatever the expenses may be. 



Presiileiit Miller a<;reeii with .Mr. Enirlein his views 

 about ilairyinir, and thought it espeeially eommemled 

 itself to those farmers living along railroads, or adja- 

 cent to them. 



Mr. I'eler S. Heist was not opposed to dairyimr, but 

 he wanted to fairly review the praetieability and ad- 

 visabilitv of it in t'his eounty. 



[Mr. Braekbill here introdueed Mr. IJelnhold, a 

 member of the State Afrrienllural Soeiety eominittee, 

 who was present for eonfiTenee with the eommittce 

 of this Soeiety on the eoniim; State Fair.] 



The dairy (piestion was now, on motion, poatijoned 

 until the ne.xt nieetiiif;, and theiiuestion — " How best 

 to prepare laud for the sowing of wheat," was 

 taken u|i. 



Mr. Eufrle thought if land had not already been 

 prepared for seedinii, this season, it was now too late 

 to prepare it properly for seeding-! line. He believed 

 in plowing early, so that theground might settle and 

 beeoiiu' mellow— settle not too solid, but so as to be- 

 come mellow on top. If you defer plowing too long, 

 it Is apt to become " cloddy." 



President Miller also believed in early plowing, 

 althoui;li manvof his ueii;Id)ors were opposed to it. 

 Some of then! are plowim; now, and their land is 

 rouirh and not easily handled. 



Teter S. Heist favored early plowing— particularly 

 on lame tracts, and i;ave in detail his whole system 

 of sowing, which tallied pretty much with that of H. 

 M. Engle. 



Mr. Braekbill felt some delicacy in givnng his opin- 

 ion among so many older and more experienced far- 

 mers, but as the discussion seemed to lag a little he 

 felt like keeping it up. He believed the matter of 

 late and earlv jjlowing depended a good deal on the 

 condition of the soil and the character of the season. 

 One thins he felt confident of, and that was that the 

 land at p'resent is not nearly so well prepared as it 

 was fifty years ago. He then gave his experience at 

 length, dropping many practical hints of value to 

 the farmer. 



Mr. Ephraim Hoover was a firm believer in early 

 plowinsr, for the reason that the soil retains its mois- 

 ture much better. In older times they plowed early, 

 and then plowed again. Now, instead of second 

 plowinsr, we have the use of the cultivator— whieh 

 probably answers the purpose as well. Experience 

 liaii taught him that earlv plowing produces the best 

 results — provided it is followed by careful cultivation 

 afterwards, keeping down the weeds, etc. 



Mr. Jacob Stautfer gave a scientific reason for early 

 plowing, fully sustaining all that had been said in its 

 favor by the practical farmers who sjioke before him. 

 The members were so unanimous in their methods 

 and practices in the preparation of the soil for the 

 sowinir of wheat, that the further discussion of the 

 subject was abandoned. 



Mr. .laeob Stautfer now presented a novel and very 

 cntertainins; paper on the subject of" Artilieial Incu- 

 bation," illustrating the same with drawings. [Not 

 havim; time to procure the engravings necessary to 

 illustrlite this article, it is necessarily deferred until 

 our next issue.] 



The Conimiltee on the State Fair, consisting of 

 fifty members, (((Uite a number of whom were pres- 

 ent) received their premium lists, (in pamphlet 

 form) i>osters ami other documents, from the State 

 Committee, necessary to a faithful and intellitrent 

 working up of the material in their respective dis- 

 tricts. 



The members of the committee who were present 

 seemed sanguine of a goodly display from this county, 

 and each. expressed his determination to work up his 

 district to the best of his ability. 



The President spoke eheeririL'ly of the subject ; and 

 just here a messenger from Court arrived ordering 

 the room to be cleared in order to accommodate 

 Court No. 2 of Common Pleas. The Society then ad- 

 journed to an arbitration room, up-slairs. 



On motion of Mr. .VIeComsey, the Lancaster County 

 Committee of Arrangements' lor the State Fair will 

 hold a meeting in this city, for the purpose of thor- 

 oughly organizing for effect ive work, on Monday 

 afternoon next (September Ki) at 1 o'clock, in the 

 Court House. Mr. MeComsey hoped the county 

 would prove itself worthy of the high honor con- 

 ferred upon it, in its selection for the State Fair, and 

 he made a stirring appeal to the farmers to do their 

 best to make the fair a success. He desired to call 

 the attention of members andagriculturistsgcnerally 

 to the importance of a creditable reiiresentatioii of 

 the products of Lancaster cimnty at the cnsuins State 

 Fair. Whilst he lielieved the honor conferred in the 

 selection of the place for holding the fair— owing to 

 the position and resources of Lancaster county — was 

 deserved, we should, nevcrtheiess, prove ourselves 

 worthy of the hi^'h distinction. Amongst all the 

 highly favored plaies throuirhout this broad land, he 

 knew of noue more highly favored by the great and 



good fiiver than our own grand old county. Here 

 our fig-tree never fails to blossom, nor our vines to 

 yield their fruit, and our fields to produce abundant 

 meat, while the lowing cattle on a tbousaml hills till 

 our folds. We shoulil, therefore, not only show our- 

 .selvi'S worthy of the distinction conferred" ii|«)n us in 

 the selection Of Lancaster as the place of holding the 

 fair, but also that we are worthy reeipieiils of this 

 great beneficence of a kind and overruling Provi- 

 dence. Owing lo our resources and facilities, the 

 people of Pennsylvania will (■xpect much of Lancaster 

 county. See to it, then, that they are not disap- 

 pointed. Bring samples of the products of your 

 vines, your orchards and gardens, of your fields and 

 your lioeks, and of your manufaetories and work- 

 shops, as well as the handiwork of your wives and 

 daughters. You will thus secure distinction for your- 

 selves, refiect credit upon our county, and prove 

 yourselves worthy of the honor conferred in the se- 

 lection of the place. He deemed it unnecessary to 

 appeal to our local papers. They have heretofore 

 never failed to contribute their full share to promote 

 and protect home enterprise and loCal interests, and 

 he felt assured they will again in this Instance. 



Mr. Engle read a communication from Daniel 

 Shelley, of Cumberland county, (an interested party 

 in the State Fair) giving words of encouragement, 

 and showing that people abroad expect great things 

 from this eounty. 



The following fruits were exhibited : 



Kejijamin H. Longenecker, of Lanecaster town- 

 shl|) — two of the largest and finest peaches we have 

 ever seen — desiring a name lor them. 



Apples for a name, by Dr. P. W. Hlestand, of 

 Millersville — very rich in flavor and perfect in form. 



John B. Erb, Beaver Valley Nurseries— Jellry tip- 

 ples and Telegraph grapes. 



Jacob M. Mayer, Manbeim townshii) — Crab apples 

 from a tree said to be seventy-live years old ; also, 

 several varieties of choice grapes. 



Levi S. Keist, of Warwick— a Husset apple of last 

 year's growth, and two apples for a name. 



Mr. Daniel Smcych, city, presented Telegraph, 

 Rogers' Nos. 19 and :i, and Salem, No. .5:i, of grapes, 

 and also Bartlett and other pears, elegant peaches, 

 etc. — none better to be found anywhere, as was at- 

 tested by the appreciation of them shown by the 

 members. 



Adjourned to meet on Monday, the 4th of October. 



THE FARM AND DAIRY. 



Pic-nic of the Patrons of Husbandry. 



The great pic-nic of the Oranjiers of Chester, Dela- 

 ware, Lancaster and Cecil counties came off at Ox- 

 ford on Saturday, the 4th inst.; and the weather 

 being propitious, the attendance was large, and every- 

 thing passed otf pleasantly and to the satisfaction of 

 all concerned. At '11 o'clock the Octoraro band, 

 headed by chief marshal James Patterson, Little 

 Britain, Lancaster county, and aid, N. Bunting, Cole- 

 rain, same county, and followed by a large number of 

 people, proceeded to the Fair Ground. In front of 

 the track-stand upon the Fair (irounds a large speak- 

 ers' stand was erected and most tastefully ornament- 

 ed with the emblems of the order — the elioieest trea- 

 sures of Flora, Ceres and Pomona. The beautiful 

 arrangement of these emlilems was the handiwork of 

 a committee of ladies from Brandywine (irange, and 

 was highly illustrative of their taste and skill in these 

 rural accomplishments. A large amount of buntim; 

 was displayed, while around the front and top were 

 festoons of evergreens ; around the upright posts 

 were tied large stalks of growing corn, sheaves of 

 wheat and oats, wreaths of flowers and bunches of 

 all fruits. On the stand were handsome vases of 

 flowers and baskets of the most luscious fruits of the 

 season. On the front were appropriate mottoes, 

 worked in letters of green, and enriched with flowers. 

 In the centre was the handsome banner of Brandy- 

 wine Grange, No. (ill. Between the speaker's stand 

 and the society's grand stand, seats were erected to 

 accommodate some !3()0 persons ; and as the society's 

 stand will seat about 1,000 comfortably, all of which 

 were crowded, with several hundred standing around, 

 we place the attendance at 2,000— fully one-hall of 

 these being ladies. 



Among the oflfieers were the following Viee-Presi- 

 dente from Lancaster county: Jesse Brosius, Octo- 

 raro, :i ; J. H. Breekbill, St'rasburg, (12; J. ti. Mc- 

 Siiarran, Fulton, r,i;; B. S.Patterson, Oak Hill, SO; 

 W.N. Bunting, Unicm, 87; C. B. Moore, Sadsbury, 

 Kil ; Colon Cacierou, Donegal, 224 ; J. H. Uershey, 

 Silver Spring, 441. 



BiUD IxsTlNOT : A correspondent of a Hartford 

 (Pa.) [laper says : " We had the curio.Kity when in 

 Norway to sec for ourselves what the chickens would 

 do at night in those h>ng days of almost |M-rpetual 

 sun. So, on the roa<I from Stockholm into Norway 

 we took pains to inform ourselves in theseinteresting 

 matters. We found that, wholly disregarding the 

 sun, the hens all went to roost in Norway just about 

 7 o'cloik P. M., all through June, though the sun 

 was four or five hours high, and the world was 'as 

 light as a eork.' They returned to the active duties 

 of life before three the next morning." 



How Philadelphia Butter is Made. 



The delicums flavor of Philadelphia butter Is known 

 to travelers from all jiarts of the world. Outside of 

 its places of nianufaelure it sometimes commands as 

 high as a dollar a iiound. .Mr. Isaac A. Calvcr, who 

 markets his butter at those high prices at Pbihulel- 

 Iilila, attributes his success to three |>oints. 1. The 

 food of his cows. 2. Temperature. H. Neatness and 

 dainty rellnenient at every step, from the moment the 

 milk flows from the uilder till the dollar in currency 

 Is paiil for the iK)und of butter. He says : " I have 

 found that I make the best butler when I feed on 

 white clover and early mown meadow hay. I cut 

 fine, moisten, and mix in both corn meal and wheaten 

 ehoi^s. Next t«) meal, I regard shorts, and i>refer to 

 mix them together. I feexl often, and not much at a 

 time. I do not urn; rofils, unless it be carrots. My 

 pastures and meadows arc quite free from we«'«l8. I 

 cannot make this grade of butter from fuul jmttnre 

 or low grade hay. 



" Tem|)erature I regard as a matter of prime Im- 

 portance in making butter that commands a high 

 price. Summer and winter I do not permit my milk 

 room to vary much from .WO. In summer I secure 

 the reiiuisite coolness by spring water of the temi)er- 

 ature of .'i.'i^ Fah., Ilowing over a stone or gravel floor 

 in thi' milk house. This can be accomplished with- 

 out water in a shaded cellar ten feet deep. As gtK>d 

 butter can be made without water as with, but the 

 milk and cream must be kept at all limes a little be- 

 low (10°. 



" We skim very clean, stir the cream |)0t whenever 

 a skimming is (Miured in, and churn but once a week, 

 summer and winter. Just before the butler gathers, 

 we throw into the churn a Inicket of ice-cold wafer. 

 This hardens the butter in small particles, and makes 

 a finer grain. In the hot months this practice Is un- 

 varying. 



" In working we get out all the buttermilk, but do 

 not apply the hand. A better way is to absorb the 

 drops with a linen cloth wrung from cold water. The 

 first working takes out all the milk ; at the second 

 we handle delicately with fingers as cxx)I as may be. 

 The salt is less than an ounce to a pound, but not 

 generally much less. The balls each weigh one 

 pound, and receive a uniform stamp. On packing 

 for market, each ball is wrapped In a linen cloth, 

 with the name and stall of the market man written 

 ujion it. Our tubs are made of cedar plank, 1'^ lo 3 

 inches thick, and lined with tin. On the inner face 

 are projections, on which the shelves rest. The balls 

 are not liruiscd or pressed at all, and pass into the 

 haiids of the customers as firm, as perfect in outline, 

 and as 6|v)tless as when they left flic spring house. 



"We find uniformity to be a prime virtue In the 

 buttermaker. We produce the same article, whether 

 the cows stand knee-deep in white clover blooms or 

 sun themselves on the lee side of the barn In Feb- 

 ruary. 



" 'There is a small ice chamber at the end of the 

 oblong butter tub, which we use in summer, so that 

 in dog-days the heat within the tub does not g€'t 

 higher than 60° Fahrenheit. I need not add that we 

 observe a scrui)ulous, a religious neatness in every 

 act and in every utensil of the dairy. Milk which, 

 ujion leaving the udder, passes through an almos- 

 phere loaded with stable fumes, will never make but- 

 ter for which we can get a dollar per imund. No 

 milk sours u|>on the floor of the milk room ; none is 

 permitted to decompose in the crevices of the milk 

 pans ; the churn is scoured and scalded till no smell 

 can be detected but the smell of white cedar. 



"Our customers take the napkin with the prints, 

 wash, iron, and return them when they come lo tho 

 stand on market days. These are generally Weilnes- 

 days and Saturdays". With these prices we have no 

 dilliculfy in making a cow pay for herself twice a 

 year ; if she cost *<10, we sell '$120 worth of butler 

 from her in twelve months." 



It mav be remarked that the sour milk is employed 

 by the Philadelphia buttermakers as fooil for swine. 

 It is estimated that such milk will make 100 ixiumls 

 of i«uk per cow. The cows in the district where the 

 Philadelphia butter is made are well sprinkled with 

 the Jersey or Alilerney blood, and alxiut a (Hiund [wr 

 day from each cow Ls considered a fair average for 



the best dairies. 



^ 



Oleo-Margarine Cheese and Butter. 



We arc plea.sid lo see tliat so res|)ectable and Influ- 

 ential an authority as the .im. rioi.i Ai/ricullHrixl 

 maintains the ground assumed some time since by T/ie 

 f.iincaslii- Fj-piem against the Oleo-.Margarine swin- 

 dle. The subject, since we calliHl the attenlion of our 

 readers to it, has been very thoroughly disciiset^ in 

 the columns of the Ainerwm Grocer, and we are de- 

 cidedlv of the opinion that the "professors" who 

 rushed to the defense of Oleo-Margarine have come 

 out badlv worsted. The Affriciilturinl says : 



" It Is'about two years since the prejiaration of tal- 

 low, known as Oleo-Margarine, was tirought to the 

 public notice, and offered for sale as butU-r. Tlienfbo 

 AiiurUuii Agriciiltiiritl tiutk strong grounds against 

 it as a fraud ujxjii the consumers of tmttcr, and ailan- 

 gerous thing for dairymen to touch, and advised 



