1875.] 



THE LANCASTER FARMER 



155 



and tlicy promise I liat. tlii-y will not iic(rli''t it in fiiluro. 

 lie tliouirlil we (ilMiulil ilii sunii't liinir towurfl liavinir a 

 larircr rcprcM-ntaliun in the State Society. Tlici|iiali- 

 (Irations prcscrllnil liy tlic (Dnstilulion arc iin animal 

 paynii'nt of two dollars, and twenty ilollarslo lieeoini' 

 a nu'iiilnT. 



A (tcncral disiussion on the sulijcit <if the late lair 

 now cnMK'd, and several nieniherh lulieved thai, in 

 view of tlie etlinis tliat liad liccii inaile liy I lie loeal 

 soeiety, its inuiiiluis Ijad warely rereivi'd >.neli loiirte- 

 OUR reeognilion from tlie tnaiiafrers as tliey hud de- 

 served. A few free tiekets were at least due the 

 County soeiety in ronsiderationof what they had done 

 for the State association. 



II. M. EuL'le spoke of phi n(in'_' trees in the fall, and 

 saiil the small lilirous roots will strike out, liut to en- 

 ahle the trees to do so, they should lie planted early. 

 They should also he planted early in the spriusf. The 

 ofti'iier a tree is transplanted the better it will do. 

 Hivi'rs, the i,'reat nurseryman of Knsiland, transplants 

 his younij trees every year. 



Levi S. Heist remarked that trees :;rown from si'ed 

 throw a tap root wliieh runs down to a irreat depth, 

 anil il is a <.'ood plan lo cut otf the tap root, as the 

 tree will then throw tnit side roots. 



.laeoli Staull'er w as ajipointed essayist for the next 

 meelinsr. 



The followiiii; questions were proposed for discus- 

 sion at the next mcetinsr. 



Hy John (irossnian: What is the best time to plow 

 ground for corn or oats i 



By K|ihraim Hoover: What herds of cattle are the 

 most |irotitahlc to be raised by Lancaster county 

 farmers i 



Hy Heubcn Weaver: What grape is the most pro- 

 fitable fiir cultivation ? 



.■\aron Jl. Suinmy was elected a mcinhcr. 



Heubcn Weaver Kxhibitcd some very fine Martha 

 prapes. 



S. S. Rathvon exhibited the followinp: fruits: Rog- 

 ers' seedlintr irrapes, Xo. 17, from Conestoga town- 

 ship: Van Biireii irolden dwarf (leaehcs. by Lewis 11. 

 Fisher; pomeirranalcs, i.'rown by Mrs. Kraniph, in the 

 open air, at the "Home Cottage," Lancaster; ligs, 

 second crop, grown of the same, under the same cir- 

 cumstances; apples for a name, by Levi S. ReisI, for 

 a friend. 



After testing the fruits the Society .idjourncd. 



THREE MODEL STOCK FARMS. 



The Coleman Estate — A Farm of 22,000 Acres. 



A writer in tlie Keadini; Timrs irivcs an interesting 

 account of the immense landed estate of the Cole- 

 niaus, which is the largest landed estate in the com- 

 monwealth, and devoted almost entirely to farming 

 I]ur[)<iseB. It is situated at Cornwall, Lebanon 

 county, and Speedwell, Lancaster county, and con- 

 tains twenty-two thousand acres. It is owned by 

 the heirs of Robert W. and William Coleman. The 

 residence of the proprietors is at Cornwall, six miles 

 south of Lebanon, and is reached over the Cornwall 

 turnjiike, probably the finest road in the State, on 

 which not a stone or rut can be seen. This farm is 

 not divided into distant tracts, but is one contiguous 

 body, and comprises about l.i,Ot)0 acres of woodland, 

 l(l.5i„ acres of iron ore, known as the Cornwall ore 

 hills, while the remainder is in the highest state of 

 cultivation. Some idea of its extent may lie formed 

 from the fact that it would occupy the better jiart of 

 three days to drive round it. There are about tiftj' 

 miles of road traversing the estate, and in daily use. 

 One of these roads has a continuous length oi' over 

 iQW miles. There are engaged in the direction and 

 control of this *-state one manager-in-chief, with six 

 assistants under him, while the tenantry compose a 

 body of about one thousand men, women and chil- 

 dren. Hundreds of the best draught, horses and 

 roadsters, and the choicest strains of lattle and sheep, 

 can here be seen, while slock raising is a sjieeialty. 



For the purpose of maintainiiiir a supply of first- 

 class horses, the old Spci-dwcll Korge property, in 

 Lancaster county, distant seven miles from Cornwall, 

 has been converted into a stock farm. The forge, 

 which, in days long gone by, furnished the iron mar- 

 ket of that era with a regular supply, is now a mass 

 of mouldering ruins, the walls overgrown with moss 

 and ivy, and the water-power become a means of ir- 

 rigation to the land. The stock farm is under the su- 

 pervision of Mr. (ieo. Youtz, an experienced farmer, 

 and in matters pertaining to tlie qualities of i;ood 

 horses andcatllc a reeoL'uized authority. The chief 

 attraction at Speedwell is its magnificent stud, at the 

 bead of which stands " .Middlctown," a half-brother 

 to the famous Dexter. This stallion is l.i'.j hands 

 high, a tdooil bay, has two white bind feet, ami as he 

 sweeps around file track bears himself with all the 

 dignity and pride of royalty, is a perfect trottir, with 

 a coat like satin, pure galled, with an easy, beautiful 

 movement, and so gentle that a woman can lirive 

 him. 



He has sired the largest [lereentage of trotters in 

 harness of any known stallion, and iH'fore his trans- 

 fer to the Speedwell farm, liis owner was offered 

 t'J5,(HMI for him. He can make his mile in 2:;i0. 

 " Middlctown " is known throuirhoiit the United 

 State*, aud noted for his performances in the stud. 

 He is 13 years old, and has forty desccDdants, whose 



records raniro from that made by "Orangt^blossom," 

 in 'J;!!!'..., to that of " .Melody," in 2:4(). To show 

 that his iret is equally valuable and desirable, we 



would Just mention that a daughter of his, " Katie 

 Wink," .sohl with male for *->(l,(»IH) in goM to a pur- 

 chaser in Caliiornia. There are at present four mares 

 at ,spee)lwcll, sent in from Indiana, who wereaecom- 

 paiiiid by their owner, for the pur|Hise of ensuring 

 t heir sale arrival, so anxious was he for their wel- 

 fare. In adilillon to ■' .Middlctnw n." there is •' Speed- 

 well Hoy," also a Hysdyck Ilamblctonian. Hi- is 

 smaller than " .Midilletown," has two while hind 

 li'et anil one white front foot, is seven years old, also 

 a blc«)d bay, and cm maki> his mile In 'i:M. 



Of cattle none but the short horns are kept here. 

 The choicest strains of <-jittle and sheep, though rais- 

 ed here, are sent to Cornwall. Among the former 

 class at this place are the celebrated head of Ilolstein 

 cattle. There arc but twobenis in the I'liiled Slates. 

 These animals are remarkable fortlh'ir beauty, which 

 consists in their deep black color about I hi' bead, neck, 

 rump and legs, while round the centre of their Ixidies 

 runs a broad, snow-white belt. Some have broader 

 bells than others, occasioneil by the action of our cli- 

 mate. The ell'cct of this strong <-oni rasf of color is 

 beautiful in the extri'tne, especially whenthe animals 

 are browsing on some field of rich, green grass. Next 

 to these in good looks are the Aldcrney cattle. These 

 arc generally of a delicate fawn iMilor, lithe in limb 

 and body, anil at a distance bear a stronir resemblance 

 to the ilcer. It is the handsome .Mdcrncys that yield 

 the rich yellow -milk and the gohlen butter, and of 

 them it may with truth be said, "they arc worth their 

 weight in gold." The lovers of good mutton can 

 here have their eyes regaled by the sight of the ele- 

 trant "Southdown," ami if he is a guest at Cornwall 

 he will have his palate tickled with a taste of this 

 same excellent meat. Nor is this all that this big 

 farm can boast. 



There is an orchard here that supplies the owners with 

 all the fruit they want, and that last year gave every 

 man who worked by the month on the place a bushel 

 of apples and a barrel of eider. Pears, peaches, 

 plums and quinces are cultivated, while the gardens 

 of the owners, the manager and his assistants, con- 

 tain the best grape vines, strawberry, raspberry and 

 melon patches, and vegetabies of all kinds in pro- 

 fusion. 



There are thousands of bushels of wheat, rye, oats 

 and corn raised on this estate. Much is sold, but the 

 greater jiarf is housed and ttsed. Wheat atwi corn is 

 sent to their mill to be su|iplied to employees and 

 employer. Every cnqiloyee on this estate gets a 

 bushel of flour from the Cornwall grist mill for?1..50 

 per bushel, no matter what the market price may be, 

 and the corn is sold at a similar proportionate rate. 



Besides this farm the estate owns 1 ,4"i."> acres in 

 York county, known as the Castle Finn proiH-rty, aud 

 ill cockney phrase, a "shooting box" on Lake Sara- 

 nac, in uiirthern New York, up among the .\diron- 

 dacks. Here, in past years, one of its former owners 

 passed many a pleasant hour hunting deer and fish- 

 ing for trout in company with his personal friends. 

 Another large farm called Colebrook, which belong- 

 ed to the ancestor of the present proprietors, and has 

 by the death of the previous owners become separat- 

 ed in ownership, once formed jiart of this huge estate. 

 There arc charcoal furnaces here but they have not 

 been in blast for many years, the farm being exclu- 

 sively used for agricultural purjioses. 



A Lancaster County Stock farm. 



In the September number of The Marylniiil Farmer, 

 D. Z. Evans, jr., one of the sjiecial contributors to 

 that excellent agricultural monthly, gives the follow- 

 ing description of the breeding establishment of our 

 friend, Charles B. Moore, near Christiana: 



" Last.hine wcbad tlicop[)ortunity to make another 

 trip amongst the breeders, and, as in former visits, 

 we gleaned many items of interest and value. This 

 time wc visited the breeding establishment of .Mr. 

 Charles H. Moore, near Christiana, Lancaster county, 

 I'cnn.sylvania, having lii'ard so much of his fine stock 

 and the advanced methods of feeding and manage- 

 ment, which he so .strongly advocates and untiringly 

 Iiraetices. Although a comiiaratively young man in 

 years, he proves, by his enteriirise anil success in 

 breeding b iL'b-elasstlioroughbred stock, and by adojit- 

 ing the must approved methods in all deparlments, 

 , that au old head is sometimes found on young shoul- 

 ders. In his discussions, he is firm in his convictions 

 i without being dogmatic, and is ever ready and will- 

 I ing to show his stock and make all desired explaim- 

 I tions or give information. His geniality, loo, eannol 

 I fail to make him many friends, .\lthough our visit 

 ' was a hurried one. wc took the time to run over his 

 things, rather more hurriedly, though, than we eared 

 1 to do, but promised ourselves more leisure at some 

 near future time, when we hope to i;ive the results of 

 exixriments which .Mr. .MiKire has instituted, as they 

 cannot help but be both interesting and very valuable. 

 " Wc did not arrive at .Mr. Misirc's until about 

 I noon. After rest and relrcshnu'iils we sallied out to 

 take a peep at the stock and fixtures. We first headed 

 for his milk liou.se, which is a mmlel of eleanlineti. 

 I We first stepped into the churning and wash room, 

 and where a ueat little uprieht engine is placed. The 



water Is pumped witli this, the churning done, water 

 heated, and a number of necessary lhin!.'s done. As 

 we neglected to find out what make II was, we can- 

 not say imsllively, but think 11 is a Baxter eiiirlne. It 

 is scarcely any more trouble than an ordinary stove, 

 it being a self-feeder. In the milk room were tlirec 

 forty-cow Jewell milk pans, with the hot and cold 

 water pijM's. .Mr. .MiM>re likes the .lewelt pan, as it 

 is less work, takes u[i less room, aiiil is, consequent- 

 ly, less I'Xpensive. .Some dairymen object to il on 

 aecounL of experieni Ing a dillleulty to inaintuln a 

 uniform temperature of the milk, as wide a margin 

 as from leu to fifteen deirrees being noticeable be- 

 Iweeii the top and bottom of the pans. Another. ol>- 

 jeclion urireil is that the de|ith of the milk cannot be 

 well regulated or equalized, as a dairy of forty 

 cows, most of them being old in mllkiiii;. will nut 

 supply as much milk as forty cows in the flush of 

 their yield. However, be that as It may, the quality 

 of bis butter is most excellent. He sets his milk 

 alxiul five Inches in depth. 



".\fter leaving the milk house, wldeh is a neat 

 affair, built of stone and well eemenleii, built against 

 the side of a good hill, or rather in jk gisMl hlU, tu 

 seiMire more uniformity of tem|HTature, we went lo 

 the stables to see the cattle, our euriosity l«'liig raised 

 lo see the Jersev bull "Commodore Roxiiury," H. K., 

 l.Wli, as wc had" heard Mr. T. M. Harvey, of West 

 tirove, I'a., than whom there Is no betier judge of 

 good dairy slock, speak so ljij;hly of turn. I'lilikc 

 many Jersey bulls we have seen, he was compara- 

 tively quiet and doeUe, his owner leading him alxiut 

 easily by his ring. He has one of the richest, mel- 

 lowest hides that I wo lid wish lo see, and has a very 

 fliic milk mirror orescutcheon. Owing to lieing sta- 

 bled continually his feet have grown rather more 

 than is consistent with beauty, but this Is so easily 

 remedied that it does not amount to a defect. This 

 btdl took eleven first prizes in Ohio, Pennsylvania, 

 .Maryland and Virginia, at the fall fairs last year, ag 

 did quite a lot more of his stock. ^Ve saw the cow 

 "Fawn," H. R.,x.~j0. She is a represeiitati\eaniinal, 

 and was a heavy prize taker at last fall's fairs. We 

 saw several inoye line Jerseys and (iuernseys, also 

 some neat half-bloods, whose excellent dairy quali- 

 ties made them valuable to their owner. Here we 

 saw the "(iill'ord SwingiiiL' Stanchion," in full blast, 

 with a dairy heril of over thirty cows. They seemeii 

 contented, and did not seem to mind this rather un- 

 natural niinie of haltering. It seemed cruel lo us, 

 but not a single one of the animals cvinccil any un- 

 easiness or showed signs of jiain. Mr. -Moore likes 

 them. 



"The water was under cover, and the whole herd 

 could be watered, winter and summer, without going 

 out of Ibc laru'c circular (inside) barn in which they 

 were. The animals are not pastured, but .Mr. Moore 

 resorts to the .soilinir process, fceiliiu: five times each 

 day. The grass is cut and carted into a large floor; 

 from here it is taken on a truck made for the purpose 

 and from it distrdiutcd to the herd, a track runniug 

 around the barn to facilitate this. 



"In the stables saw dust, leaves, etc., are usoi as 

 absorbents, and the manure is all kept under cover 

 of the barn, in the large circular enclosure back of 

 the cows; the cows when in their stalls standing 

 with their heads outward. In feeding cut food, a 

 Sinclair ma.«tieator is used fur cutting, driven hy a 

 large stationary engine, which also does all the 

 steaming, grinding, threshing, sawing, etc, done on 

 Ihe place, lie told us that he used lo pay as much 

 lor lolls lo the miller as now pays for his coal, and 

 he now saves time, besides doing luany otiier things 

 with it. 



"In soiling, he alternales, using clover and then 

 rve, as he considers it jircfcrable and better to do so 

 liian confining to one kind of foisl. On his farm he 

 makes seventy bushels of corn to Ihe acre, and, al- 

 though bis farm eonlains one hundriil acres, he car- 

 ries over thirty licad of cat I Icon il,and a larirehenl of 

 Berkshire and Yorkshire pigs. Formerly from leu 

 to Hfleen head of cattle was the eompleinent, luit a 

 liberal application ofhrainit. aideil by proper tillage 

 and a dilferenl management, has clfeeted the very 

 desirable change. He raises from two acres aud 

 a-half to three acres of roots yearly — Im'^Is, mangel- 

 wurtzel, etc., for his stock, to be used as a winter 

 food in eonneetion with nu'al and other ffXHl. We 

 next visited his piggery, which is one of the largest, 

 if not the very largest, allalrof Its kind In Ihe State. 

 Here wc saw a lot of very line Bcrkshires, and some 

 eipially as fine Yorkshires, many of them Ixdng ini- 

 iKirted. He has six im|K>rled Berkshire sows. "Lady 

 Yorkshire" is a splendid dish-faced Vitrkslilre, and a 

 heavy prize winner wherever exhibited. She took 

 prizes in Penusylvania, Virginia. .Maryland, Ohio, and 

 other States. The iinporled sow (Berkshire) "Swan- 

 wlck's Pride," took the first premium in Kngland 

 and ten first premiums here. .Sir. Moore is a strong 

 advocate of steaming fissl for slock, and not only 

 advocatet it but he praelicen il . As II may Ih' of Ik-iic- 

 flt to our readers, we are about gelling a condeU6C<l 

 rciKirt from him on "Steaminir Foisl for Stock," and 

 will, when received, lay it befsre the readers of this 

 paper for their perusal and coiisidiTatioii. 



".Mr. .Moore also breeds the Dark Brahinas aud 

 Partridge Cochins, and shows with all his slock that 

 wiial is worth doing at all is worth doing well.'' 



