186 



THE LANCASTER FARMER. 



[December, 



OUR NATIONAL CENTENNIAL. 



Details of the Arrangements for the Great In- 

 ternational Exhibition of 1876. 



The act of Coniress wliicli proviileil for "celebrat- 

 ing the one-hundredth amiiversarv of AiiuM'ican Inde- 

 pendence, by holdins: an International Exhibition of 

 Arts, Manufactures and Products of tlie Soil and 

 Mine," authorized the creation of the United States 

 Centennial Commission, and entrusted to it the man- 

 agement of tlie exliibitiou. This body is coni]>osedof 

 two commissioners from each State and Territory, 

 nominated by the respective Governors, and commis- 

 sioued by the President of the United States. The 

 enterprise, therefore, is distinctly a national one, and 

 not, as has sometimes been staled, the work of a pri- 

 vate coi-poration. 



The exhibition will be opened on May 10th, 1870, 

 and remain open every day, except Sunday, until 

 November 10th. There will be a fixed price of .50 

 cents for admission to all the buildinss and a:rounils. 



The Ccnteimial trrounds are situated on the west- 

 ern bank of the Schuylkill river, and within Fair- 

 mount Park, the largest public park in proximity to 

 a great city in the world, and one of the most beauti- 

 ful in the country. The Park contains 3160 acres, 

 4.50 of which have been enclosed for the Exhibition. 

 Besides this tract, there will be larije yards near by 

 for the exhibition of stock, and a farm of 42 acres has 

 already been suitably planted for the tests of plough, 

 mowers, reapers, and other agricultural macliincry. 



The Exhiljition buildings are approached by eight 

 lines of street cars, which connect with all the other 

 lines in the city, and by the Pennsylvania and Head- 

 ing railroads, over the tracksof which trains will also 

 run from the Nortli Pennsylvania and Pliiladelphia, 

 "Wilmington and Baltimore railroads. TIius the exhi- 

 bition is in immediate connection with the entire rail- 

 road system of ttie country, and any one within 00 

 miles of Philadelphia can visit it at no greater ct>6t 

 than that of carriage hire at the Paris or Vienna Ex- 

 hibition. 



The articles to be exhibited have been classified in 

 several departments, which, for the most part, will be 

 located in appropriate buildings, whose several areas 

 are as follows : 



DEPARTMENT. 



1. Mining and Metallurgy, 



2. Mauufactures, 



3. Education and Science, 



4. Art, 



5. Machinery, 



6. .\griculture, 



7. Horticultural, 



:■} 



BUILDINGS. 



Main Building, 



21.47 



Art Gallery, 1.6 



Mach'y Building, 14- 



Agricu'l Building 10. 

 Hort'l Buildiug, 1.5 



Total 48.47 



This i)rovides nearly ten moi'e acres for exhibiting 

 space tlnin there were at Vienna, the largest Inter- 

 national Exhibition yet held. Yet the appUcationsof 

 exhibitors have been so numerous as to exhaust the 

 space, and many important classes of objects must be 

 provided for in special buildings. 



An important special exhibition will be made by 

 the United States Government, and is being prepared 

 under the supervision of a board of officers represent- 

 ing the several Executive Dejjartmehts of the Gov- 

 ernment. A tine building of 4';; acres is provided 

 for the jiurpose, space in which will be occupied by 

 the War, Treasui-y, Navy, Interior, Post-office, and 

 Agricultural Departments, and the Smithsonian In- 

 stitute. 



The Women's Centennial Executive Committee 

 have raised S'i(l,000 lor the erection of a paviliofi In 

 which to exhibit every kind of women's work. To 

 this collection, women of all nations are expected to 

 contribute. 



The list of special buildings is constantly increas- 

 ing, and present indications are that their total num- 

 ber will he from 200 to 3.50. Most of the important 

 foreign nations — England, Germany, Austria, France, 

 Sweden, Egypt, Japan and others — are putting up one 

 or more structures each, lor exhibiting purposes, or 

 for the use of the commissioners, e.xhibitors and vis- 

 itors. OtKces and headquarters of this kind, usuallly 

 of considerable architectural beauty, are provided by 

 the States of Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, 

 Michigan, New Jersey, New York, Connecticut, .Mas- 

 sachusetts, New Hampshire, Missouri, Kansas, Vir- 

 ginia, West Virginia, Wisconsin, Iowa and Delaware; 

 and it is likely that others will follow the example. 



A imniber of trades and industrial associations, 

 which require large amounts of space, will be provid- 

 ed for in special buildings. Among these are the 

 photographers, the carriage builders, the glass mak- 

 ers, the cracker bakers, the boot and shoe manufac- 

 turers, besides ipiite a number of individual exhibit- 

 ors. 'The great demands for space will proliably ren- 

 der this course necessary to a considerable extent, 

 especially for exhibitors who have been tardy in mak- 

 ing their applications. In the main exhibition build- 

 ing, lor examide, 383,300 stiuare feet of space has 

 been ajiplied for by the begiiming of October by 

 American exhibitors only ; whereas, the aggregate 

 space which it lias been possible to reserve for the 

 United States Department, is only ir>0,00() s(inare 

 feet, about one-third of which will be consumed by 

 passage ways. 



The Machinery Building, like the others, is already 

 fully covered by applications. There are about 1,000 



American exhibitors in this department, 1.50 English, 

 and 1.50 from other European countries — which is 

 about 25(1 more than entered the Vienna Machinery 

 Exhibition. Extra provision is being made for an- 

 nexes to accommodate the hydraulic machinery, the 

 steam hammers, forges, hoisting engines, boilers, 

 plumbers, carpenters, etc. 



Power in the Machinery Hall will be chiefly supplied 

 by a pair of monster Corliss engines. Each cylinder 

 is 40 inches in diameter, with a stroke often feet ; the 

 fly-wheel is 31 feet in diameter, and weighs 55 tons , 

 the horse-power is 1,400, and the number of boilers 

 is 20. This engine drives about a mile of shaftin'r. 



For the Art Exhibition, the most eminent Ameri- 

 can artists are understood to be at work, and it iiuiy 

 be confidently stated that, especially in the depart- 

 ment of landscape painting, the United States will 

 present a finer display than the public has been led 

 to expect. Quite aside from the contributions of 

 American artists, applications from abroad call for 

 more than four times the exhibiting space afforded 

 by the great Memorial Hall. Provision for the sur- 

 plus will be maile in temporary fire-proof buildings, 

 though all exhil)itlng nations will be represented in 

 the central Art Gallery. 



The Secretary of the Navy has arranged that a 

 United States war vessel sh.all call next spring, at 

 convenient European ports, to collect and transport 

 hither to the exhibition, the works of American artists 

 resident in Europe. Among the [wrts thus far desig- 

 nated are: Southampton, for England; Havre, for 

 France; Bremen, for Germany; and Leghorn, for 

 Italy; if desirable, others may be added. 



Mr. Bell, the eminent Enalish sculptor, who de- 

 signed the groups for the plinth tor the great Albert 

 Memorial in Hyde Park, London, is reproducing in 

 terra cotta, at the celebrated wores in Lambeth, the 

 one which symbolizes -\menca. The figures in this 

 group are colo.ssal, covering a ground spaceof fifteen 

 feet square. It will probably be placed in the great 

 central gallery, opposite the principal entrance. 



The Art Exhibition will include, in addition to the 

 works of cotemjiorary artists, representative poodue- 

 tious of the past century of American art — those, for 

 instance, of Stuart, Copley, Trumbull, West, Alston, 

 Sully, Neagle, Elliott, Kennett, Cole. These, as well 

 as the works offered by living artists, will be passed 

 upon by the Committee of Selection, who will visit 

 for the purpose New York, Boston, Chicago, and 

 other leading cities, in order to prevent the needless 

 transportation to Philadelphia of works of art not to 

 the standard of admission. 



A large immber of orders and fraternities have sig- 

 nified tiieir intention to hold gatherings in Philadel- 

 phia during the period of the exhibition. Among 

 those who may now be enumerated, are the Grand 

 Lodge of Penna., Independent Order of Odd Fellows; 

 Grand Encampment Independent Order of Odd Fel- 

 lows; Grand Lodge U. S. Independent Order of Odd 

 Fellows; Grand Commandery Knights Templar; 

 Grand Army of the Kepublie; Presbyterian Synod; 

 Caledonian Club; Portland Mechanic Blues; Welsh 

 National Eistedfodd; Patriotic Sons of America; Cali- 

 fornia Zouaves of San Francisco; an International 

 Regatta; the Life Insurance Comp,anies; National 

 Board of Underwriters; State Agricultural Society; 

 2d Infantry, N. (!., of California; Philadelphia Con- 

 ference, Methodist Episcopal Cliurch ; Cincimiati 

 Society; American Dental Convention; Catholic Total 

 Abstinence Union of America; Independent Order of 

 B'nai Berith; National Alumni Association; Sales- 

 men's Association; 5th Maryland Regiment; Ameri- 

 can Poinolotrical Society; Malster's Association of the 

 United States; Army of the Cumberlanil; Humboldt 

 .Monument Association; Christopher Cohmibus .Mon- 

 ument Association; Board of Trade Convention; In- 

 ternational Typographical Congress; Rifle Associa- 

 tion of the United States; Centennial Legion; Phila- 

 delphia County .Medical Society; International Medi- 

 cal Conirress; Old Volunteer Fire Department of 

 Philadelphia. 



Bureau of Agriculture. — Rules and Informa- 

 tion for Exhibitors. 



Reception. — Objects for exhibition will be ad- 

 mitted to the Agricultural Building on and after the 

 fifth of January, 1S70. 



Woods, grains, grasses, wool, flax, cotton, agri- 

 cultural machinery, and all objec'ts, cxcrpt fruits and 

 other perishable articles, and live stock, must be loca- 

 ted previous to April IDth, 1871). 



FnuiTS. — Fruits will be admitted in their season. 

 Models in jilaster or wax may be substituted for tro- 

 pical fruits. 



Veget.mh.es. — Vegetables and all other perishable 

 products will also be admitted in their scascm. 



Dairy Products. — Dairy products will be ad- 

 mitted on Wednesday of eaeli week during the period 

 of the exhibition. 



Macuineky. — Shafting and steam power will be 

 furnished to exhibitors desiring to display in motion 

 such machines as cotton gins, sugar presses, planta- 

 tion mills, threshers, faiming mills, etc. 



Necessary power will Vic supplicil gratuitously only 

 for the purpose of exhibiting the machinery in ope- 

 ration. , 



BoiLEKS Doing Wokk. — Manufacturers of farm 

 and plantation boilers, who may wish to exhibit them 



doing work, shcmld notify the Chief of the Bureau on 

 making application for space. 



There will be lines of shafting extending length- 

 wise of the building. These will have a speed of 130 

 and one of 240 revolutions per minute. 



Exhibitors must supply, at their own cost, the pul- 

 leys that they may require upon the main shafts, as 

 well as counter shafts, and all necessary appliances. 



Pulleys for main shafts mustbe balanced, in halves, 

 of not more than three feet diameter, and secured so 

 as not to injure or weaken the shafting. 



The mode of securing pulleys and counter-shafts 

 must be subject to approval of Chief of Bureau. 



Exhibitors will be required to assume supervision 

 of all gear supplied by themselves, and furnish at- 

 tendants to operate their machinery. 



Exhibitors of agricultural machinery are requested 

 to furnish the following information, and also a draw- 

 ing to a scale of '{ inch to the foot, of the plan and 

 distribution of the objects, and if power is required, 

 must state definitely the — 



Actual horse-power required for each machine. 



Cubic feet of steam used per hour at a pressure of 

 seventy pounds. 



Diameter of steam, water, or gas pipes. 



Diameter of discharge or drain pipes. 



Diameter, width of faces, and number of revolu- 

 tions of driving pulleys. 



Fire and light can only be used by special permis- 

 sion of the Chief of Bureau. 



Field Trials. — Manufacturers designing to com- 

 pete in the field, will be at liberty to use the machine 

 or machines placed by them on exhibition in the 

 Agricultural Building, or may use a less costly one, 

 provided it is identical in constructiou and working 

 parts. 



Exhibitor's Space. — The space srranted to an ex- 

 hibitor witliin the building is available floor space ex- 

 clusive of the intermediate passages between the ex- 

 hibits. It may be utilized in various ways, as follows : 



By placing the products exhibited directly upon 

 the floor. 



By constructing a low platform upon which they 

 may be placed. 



By erecting counters on which they may be ar- 

 ranged. * 



By erecting ornemental columns, pyramids, cones, 

 and partitions to obtain wall space. 



By erecting show cases in which the exhibits may 

 be tastefully displayed. 



Snow Cases. — There will be no charge for space, 

 but all platforms, counters, ornamental partitions, 

 show eases and appurtenances, must be erected at 

 the expense of the exhibitor. No particular form or 

 design is prescribed for the cases, counters, etc., but 

 they must not exceed the following heights, without 

 special permission from the Chief of Bureau : 



Show Cases and Partitions. — Twelve feet above 

 the floor. 



Counters. — Two feet six inches above the floor, 

 on the side next to the passage way. 



Platforms. — One foot above the floor. 



Drawings. — In order to insure the advantageous 

 and satisfactory location of products exhibited, appli- 

 cants for space desiring to erect show cases, counters, 

 or partitions, must furnish to this Bureau a scale 

 drawing, or tracing, showing clearly the elevation 

 and ground plan of the same, and especially indicat- 

 ing the sides of the cases intended to be open for in- 

 spection . 



Kailings. — Machinery in motion mustbe enclosed 

 with railings of a uniform height of two feet six 

 inches. Exhibitors of other articles will have the 

 privilege of placing railings of approved design around 

 the space allotted to them. All such railings must 

 not exceed the height of two feet six inches above 

 the floor level, and may be attaclied to the case by 

 projecting brackets, or be supported by posts from 

 the floor. In every instance the floor space granted 

 includes the area embraced by the railing. 'The line 

 of the railing will be placed upon tlie line of the pas- 

 sage way, and no railing will be allowed to project 

 beyond the case or counter into the passage way. 



Pendants from the lioo-''. — Exhibitors desiring 

 to display products pendent from the roof trusses, 

 must in every case obtain special permission to that 

 effect from the Chief of Bureau. 



No exhibitor will be permitted to display products 

 in such a manner as to obstruct the light or vistas 

 through tlie avenues and aisles, or occasion inconve 

 iiicnce, injury, or disadvantageously affect the display 

 of other exhibitors. 



Signs. — Signs will not be allowed to project beyond 

 the floor area of the space allotted, nor will signs 

 made of canvass or paper be permitted. The size of 

 all signs will be suljject to approval. 



Special Installation.— The nave, avenues, aisles, 

 and public passage ways remain under the control of 

 the United States Centennial Commission ; and no 

 trophies, decorations, portals, fountains, or other spe- 

 cial exhibits will be permitted iu them, except by 

 special permission of the Director-General. 



Location. — Each column within the building will 

 be lettered and numbered ; the numbers designating 

 the lines of coluniiis lengthwise, from south to north, 

 and the letters, the lines crosswise, from west to east. 

 Eacli exliibitor will have his location defined with 

 reference to the nearest column, and theotHcial direc- 



