92 



THE LANCASTER FARMER. 



[December, 1875. 



Capital and Labor. 



The special committee chartred by the British Asso- 

 ciation Committee on combinations of capital and 

 labor, have submitted their report. They reprehend 

 the practice of limiting: apprentices, an unwise re- 

 striction, \yhose evil effects we are feeling even now 

 in the United .States, and have arrived at the conclu- 

 sion that combinations have no power permanently 

 to raise wages or to prevent them from falliua; when 

 the conditions of trade require a fall, and, though it 

 is admitted that they may be of benetit in accelerating 

 the action oi economic laws, they are finally dismissed 

 as sources of dangerous irritation. Artificial restric- 

 tions of labor or capital, under any circumstances 

 limiting production, are branded as wrong and inju- 

 rious. The system of paying by piecework is en- 

 dorsed as the best and i'airest; a policy of concilia- 

 tion the only rational policy, is urged in cases of dis- 

 agreement, and the highest importance is attached 

 to a thorougli education of the workingmen in the 

 sound ])rinciples of political economy. The conclu- 

 sion tinally readied is, that the conditions and price 

 of success will lie found in a proper sense of the neces- 

 sity and utility of continuous labor, an earnest desire 

 for e.Kcellence of workmauship,'and a keen and lively 

 interest in the promotion of the national prosperity. 

 In other words, the interests of labor and capital are 

 identical. 



^ 



A Convenient Land Measure. 



To aid farmers in arriving at accuracy in estimat- 

 ing the amount of land in ditl'erent fields under culti- 

 vation, the following table is given : 



5 yards wide by 'MS long contain one acre. 



10 yards wide by 4S-1 long contain one acre. 



20 yards wide by 243 long contain one acre. 



40 yards wide by 131 long contain one acre. 



80 yards wide by (lO'i long contain one acre. 



70 yards wide by K)''i long contain one acre. 



60 feet wide liy 72(i long contain one acre. 



110 feet wide by 390 long contains one aere. 



130 feet wide by oOo long contain one acre. 



230 feet wide by l'.*8 long contain one acre. 



340 feet wide by 181' j long contain one .acre. 



440 feet wide by 99 long contains one acre. 



An Idea for Teamsters. 



A great deal of labor and hard tugging may be 

 saved if every wagon or truck is provided with 100 

 feet of stout rope and a single pulley. A snatch- 

 block is the best, arranged with a strong hook, and 

 the usual construction for slipping the tight of the 

 rope under the strap to the sheave, instead of waiting 

 to reeve the line through one end. If a wagon gets 

 stuck in heavy mud or in the snow, the driver has 

 only to fasten liis block to the tongue, reeve tlie rope 

 through it, and attach one end to a tree or post, and 

 let his team pull on the other. Their work is of course 

 just halved, or rather they bring twice as much 

 power to bear in dragging the wagon clear. There 

 are plenty of other applications of this simple device, 

 which will readily suggett themselves. With a cou- 

 ple of skids lor an inclined plane, heavy logs could 

 be easily drawn on a sleigh by the unhitched team . 

 Another case where it is likely to be useful is when 

 loaded sleiglis attempt to cross a wooden bridge. Al- 

 though the horses draw the load very easily over the 

 snow, they are often unable to start it over the gen- 

 erally denuded wooden llooring of the bridge, and 

 hence would be materially aided by the tackle hitched 

 on as we ha\e described. — Hcieittijic Aiuericau. 



Stick to It. 



Learn a trade, or get into business and go at it 

 with a determination that defies failures, and you will 

 succeed. Don't leave it because hard blows are to be 

 struck, or disagreeable work to be performed. Those 

 who have worked their way up to wealth and useful- 

 ness do not belong to the shiftless and unstable class, 

 and if you do not work while a young man, as an old 

 man you will be nothing. Woi-k with a will, and 

 conquer your prejudices against labor, and manfully 

 bear the heat and burden of the day. It may be hard 

 the first week, but after that I assure you that it will 

 become a pleasure, and you will feel enough better 

 satisfied with yourself to pay lor all the trials of the 

 beginning. Let perseverance and industry be your 

 motto, and with a steady application to business you 

 need have mi fe;ir for the fuiure. Don't be ashamed 

 of your plain clothes, provided you have earned them. 

 They are far more beautiful in the estimation of all 

 honest men and women f han the costly gewgaws 

 sported by some i)Cople at the expense of the confid- 

 ing tailor. The people who respect you only when 

 well clad, will be the first to run from you in the 

 hour of adversity. 



twenty-five bushels of muck, that had been dug 

 eighteen months; spread it on the barn floor, and 

 thoroughly mixed it with the manure. A single hand- 

 ful of this compost was put in the hill, and the corn 

 dropped upon it. I had a splendid field of corn. I 

 planted one row without the compost. That row 

 could be distinguished all. through the season, being 

 about two weeks behind the rest of the field, and 

 finally it never did catch up. I believe if farmersthat 

 keep from twenty to thirty hens would save all the 

 droppings and compost it in the way above, or in some 

 better way, instead of buying fertilizers, as many at 

 the present day do, it would be very much more to 

 their advantage. 



Curious Cause of Death in Horses. 



Two singular causes of the death of valuable 

 horses have recently been brought to light thi-ough 

 post mortem examinations. A man named Goo Iwin, 

 of Stanley, England, lost a valuable mare, which ap- 

 peared to suffer great agony. A post mortem exam- 

 ination showed the presence in the stomach of a stone 

 weighing ten or twelve pounds, which was supposed 

 to be an accumulation of stone dust introduced to the 

 stomach with the food. The case of Lexington, the 

 noted Kentucky race horse, is still more curious. A 

 surgical examination showed that part of the skull 

 luider the left eye, where the ailment of the animal 

 seemed to be, was filed with at least a quart of mas- 

 ticated food, which had been forced into the cavity 

 through an opening in the upper jaw, caused by the 

 loss of a tooth. 



Care and Use of Hen Manure. 



A writer in the New England Farmer thus gives 

 us his experience in the management and use of hen 

 manure : I would say that in 1808, 1 took lour bushels 

 of dry hen manure, turned it on the barn floor, took 

 a common Uail and threshed it to powder; then took 



Skeletons of Noted Animals. 

 The Prairie Farmer states that A. J. Alexander 

 has couscnteJ to deposit the skeleton of the renowned 

 " Lexington" with the Smithsonian Institute at Wash- 

 ington, b. C, Professor Baird having written express- 

 ing his desire to have the skeleton, and promising to 

 have it handsomely mounted and placed in a con- 

 spicuous position in the museum. The skeleton of 

 "American Girl" is to grace the museum of Cornell 

 University. 



LITERARY AND BUSINESS NOTICES. 



"Ocean Beach" — " The New Seaside fininiiier 

 Resort." — This is the titleof a neat, clean, and hand- 

 some little folio of four pages, which has been placed 

 upon our table. It is full of interesting literary and 

 local matter, the larger portion of which specifically 

 relates to the place of its paternity, and, according to 

 which, it must beoneof the most lovely seaside places 

 on the whole Atlantic coast. It contains an outline 

 railroad map of New Jersey, and parts of New York, 

 Pennsylvania and Delaware, and also a -town plot, 

 laid off in avenues and streets, which run at right 

 angles, with town lots located and numbered from 1 

 up to 3943. The special water privileges of the town 

 are Shark Hiver, the Atlantic Ocean, and SilverLake 

 in the heart of it. We notice by a list of proprietors 

 that 31 belong to Trenton; 10 to Newrak; 8 to Ocean 

 Beach; and 'A to Freehold, N. J.; 13 to Lancaster, 

 and 19 to Philadelphia, Pa.; and 8 scattering. It also 

 contains the Act of Incorporation creating the town, 

 a directory, and proposals for a large number of con- 

 templated improvements; besides a descriptive history 

 of the town and its surroundings, including a synop* 

 tic statement of its numerous points of interest; 

 enough to make a poor editor's " mouih water." 

 Although we are likely never to own a foot of it, yet 

 we still may say, Lonr] live Ocean Beach. 



Holding fast to its old name, which it has 

 carried successfully through the long period of Wuiv'!/- 

 I'var years, the American AgvicuUurist swings out its 

 banner for the " Centennial Year," with tlie vigor of 

 the prime of life, and with well founded promises of 

 s'ill greater achievements in its appropriate sphere — 

 that of a plain, practical, highly instructive and trust- 

 worthy family journal. Its name, adopted at the 

 start fer a special field of work, has become almost a 

 nnsnomer, because it is now equally useful to city, 

 village and country. The closing number of volume 

 34, now before us,' like its usual issues, is full ol good 

 things, varied in contents, which are prepared with 

 much labor, thought and care, and illustrated with 

 over sixty well executed and well printed original 

 sketches and engravings. This journal is 'a marvel 

 of cheapness, beauty and utility, costing only ?1.B0 a 

 year, postage included, for its more than 500 double 

 pages of useful information, and 500 to 000, or more, 

 of fine en.rravings. Every family should have it. 

 Orange Judd Company, publishers, 345 Broadway, 

 New York City. 



" Repokt of the Commissioners of Agkicul- 

 TUKE of the operations of the Department for the 

 year 1875," Washington, D. C. 



This is a handsomely printed octavo pamphlet of 30 

 pages. From this we learn that there were issued 

 from the department during the year 18T5, 3,331, i5(i 

 packages of seeds, in quarts, pints, half-pints and 

 small "papers, including vegetables, flowers, herbs, 

 trees, wheat, oats, barley, rye, buckwheat, corn, peas, 

 clover, grass, sugar-beet, mangel-wurtzel, rice, sor- 

 ghum, tobacco, osage orange, opium-poppy, jnillet, 

 broom-corn, rape, cotton, jute, hemp, flax andrande. 

 All this is well so far as it goes ; but how many of the 



peoide give these seeds a fair trial, and then report to 

 the Department ? 



OuK Wasted Resources, by Dr. Hargreaves, is 

 the most important contribution yet made to the liter- 

 ature of temperance in the light of political economy. 

 While it deals mainly with statistical facts and fig- 

 ures, they are so carefully collated, and presented in 

 such a readable manner, that we do not tire in their 

 perusal. Several years were spent in their prepara- 

 tion. The aim of the author has been to present such 

 facts and figures as are reliable, in order that every 

 one could judge intelligently, as he does not desire to 

 be deceived nor to deceive. The figures given are 

 ofUcial, or, if not, reasons are given why they are 

 presented. National Temperance Publication House, 

 58 Keade street, N. Y. 



The New York Observer: This best of family 

 newspapers is as fresh and interesting now in its fifty- 

 third year, as ever before ; and, indeed, we think it 

 more so. Its letters alone are worth more than the 

 subscription price of the paper. It repudiates all 

 offers of premiums, pictures, &c., and sends to its 

 patrons a sjdendid family newspaper, of the largest 

 dimensions, containing all the desirable news, religi- 

 ous and secular, and an endless variety of reading for 

 young and old, all of which is pure and good. Every 

 family should have it. For specimen coiiies, address 

 S. I. Prime As Co,. New York. 



THE PROGRESS OF INVENTION. 



Official List of Patents, 



Relating to the Farm, the Dairy, Apiary, &c.. 

 For the muuth eudiug December loih, 1875.* 



Harvesters; J. .M. Chritfon, Marengo, Iowa. 



Seed Planters; J. W. Simpson, Dry Ridge, Ky. 



Corn Stalk Cutters; S. Bean, Clinton Valley, Ohio. 



Mowing Machines; D. H. Gage, Dover, N. H. 



Corn Planters; B. Kfng, Jonesburg, Mo. 



Corn Markers; T. B. Kirkwood, Bentonville, Ind. 



Milk Coolers; W. R. Scofield, Ellery, N. Y. 



Seed Distrilrators; A. H. Simms, Nixburg, Ala. 



Feed Cutters; R. J. Wylie, Marissa, 111. 



Grain Binders; J. Garrard, Cincinnati, Ohio. 



Grain Binders; J. F. Gordon, Rochester, N. Y. 



Harvesters; C. W. Levalley, St. Paul, Minn. 



Grain Drills; E. Morgan, Dublin, Ind. 



Corn Planters; A. M. Southard, Eldora, Iowa. 



Plow Attachments; G. M. Todd, Waterloo, Iowa. 



Harrow Teeth; H. M. Williams, Coldwater, Mich. 



Horse Hay Rakes; W. Aldrich, Dayton, Ohio. 



Grain Bindm-s; S. S. Jackman, Jauesville, Wis. 



Checkrow Planters; Jos. Klar, Shelbyville, 111. 



Wire Fences; James M. McClellen, Philadelphia, Pa. 



Barbed Wire Fences; Abrani V. Wooley, Cornton,Ill. 



Potato Droppers; Geo. H. Zane, Shoemakertown, Pa. 



Corn Planters; John Boyer, Wagram, Ohio. 



Hay Forks; Moses M. Cherry, New Plymouth, Ohio. 



Corn Planters; Wilson Gardner, Piketon, Ohio. 



Mowing Machines; A. G. Gray, St. John, Canada. 



Potato Diggers; D. J. Roush, Syracuse, Ohio. 



Rotary Gang Plows; John K. Underwood, South 

 Centre, Minn. 



Fertilizer Distributers; Wm. H.Cook, Meriden, Mass. 



Hay-Kicking Apparatus; John K. Ilill, Bloomfield,0. 



Feeding .Mechanism for Graiu Drills; A.J.Martin, 

 Springfield, Ohio. 



Egg Preserving Compounds; E. A. Snyder, Philad'a. 



Lifting Device for Seeders and Cultivators; W. A. 

 Van Bunt, Horicou, Wis. 



Pilot Wheel Corn Planters; James Campbell, Harri- 

 son, Oliio. 



Wheel Harrows; Thomas A. Cole, Trafalgar, Ind. 



Mowing Machines; Jacob Ashcraft, Frazeysburg, 0. 



Anti-Sueking Bits for Calves, &c.; John H. Bailey, 

 Toledo, Iowa. 



Combined Cultivators and Harrows; George Croll, 

 Tou:ogany, Ohio. 



Colters; Freeman Culver, West Oneonto, N. Y. 



Sheep Scratch Boxes; Ira B. Dillon, Visalia, Cal. 



Knife Heads for Harvesters; Geo. W. Harrison, Lan- 

 sing, .Mich. 



Plows; Wm. H. McCune, Pittsburg, Pa. 



Corn Planters; John G. Mole, Sarpy Centre, Neb. 



Seed Planters; Wm. Nevins, Titusville, Pa. 



Horse Hay Rakes ; WUliam U. Ryer, Margaret- 

 ville, N."Y. 



Horse Uay Forks; Orvin Taber, Santa Clara, Cal. 



Machines for Binding Grain; Argyle W. Tucker, 

 Waxahachio, Texas. 



Seed Planters and Drills; W. C. Walker, Glasgow, Ky. 



Fence Wire Stretcher; Nath'l Burnham, Amboy, 111. 



Harrows; Wm. Frank, Mound Station, 111. 



Plows; Irvin Freeman,, Corpus Christi, Texas. 



Tire Tighteners; Wm. O. Joluisou, Alma, Mich. 



Graiu Distributers for Seed Drills; C. T. Johnson, 

 jr., Oswego, N. Y. 



Rotary Churns; .Morgan Payne, Cardington, Ohio. 



Horse Hay Rakes; D. P. Sharp, Ithaca, N. Y. 



Check Rowers; John Thompson, Aledo, 111. 



Potato Diggers ; O. F. Warren, Know lesville, N. Y. 



Harvesters; Wm. N. Whitely, Springfield, Ohio. 



•Prepared expressly for The Lancaster Farmer by 

 Louis Bagger & Co., Solioitora of P.iteiil8, Wnsliiiigtun, D. 

 U., from wuoin complete copies of the Pateuta aud Drawuiga 

 mjiy be obtained. 



