14 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA. 



Discovery of the Resistance of American Vines. When the phylloxera 

 was first found on the vines of the Old World, some profound thinkers 

 proposed grafting the Vitis Vinifera, or European grape, on the Ameri- 

 can stocks, arguing very correctly that, as the phylloxera had existed 

 from all time on the wild American vines, there must be some quality 

 in these vines that enabled them to resist the attacks of the insect; for 

 there were the wild vines thriving in the forests with the phylloxera on 

 them to prove it. Examination showed that, in Europe, on vineyards 

 attacked by the phylloxera, wherever there was an American vine it 

 alone out of all the vines did not seem to be affected with the deadly dis- 

 ease that was sweeping out of existence millions of dollars' worth of 

 capital. Some of these vines had been grafted, and it was found that 

 they gave abundant and excellent crops where the Viniferas perished. 

 No sooner was this exemption of American vines observed, than the 

 more progressive vine-growers sent to America for cuttings and seeds of 

 the American vines that were found growing wild in the forests. It 

 would be impossible to estimate the number thus imported into the 

 European vineyards, but there were very many shiploads of them. 



First Attempts at Planting Resistant Vines. Tens of thousands of 

 acres were planted out in American vines, but the results were at first 

 disappointing. Many were found to perish outright, others eked out a 

 feeble existence and finally died even before grafting, while some throve 

 at first and even for a short time after grafting, and then perished. 

 Among all these some were noted that from the first flourished most 

 exceptionally, and, after grafting, yielded heavier crops than had ever 

 been obtained with Viniferas on the same soil. 



Species and Varieties. This caused close attention to be paid to the 

 species and varieties of the American vines. After a due amount of 

 study and experiment, it was found that in America, instead of having 

 a single species, as in Europe, we have eighteen distinct specieSj grouped 

 as follows: 



Section I. MUSCADINIA (Planchon). 



Vitis Rotundifolia (Michaux). 

 Vitis Munsoniana (Simpson). 



Section II. EUVITIS (Planchon). 

 1st Series. LABRUSC.E. 



Vitis Labrusca (Linneeus). 



2d Series. LABRUSCOIDE^E. 



Vitis Californica (Bentham). 

 Vitis Caribaea (de Candolle). 

 Vitis Coriacea (Schuttle worth). 

 Vitis Candicans (Engelmann). 



3d Series. AESTIVALES. 



Vitis Lincecumii (Buckley). 

 Vitis Bicolor (Le Conte). 

 Vitis Aestivalis. 



4th Series. CINERASCENTES. 



Vitis Berlandieri (Planchon). 

 Vitis Cordifolia (Michaux). 

 Vitis Cinerea (Engelmann). 



5th Series. RUPESTRES. 



Vitis Rupestris (Scheele). 



Vitis Monticola (Buckley). 



Vitis Arizonica (Engelmann). 

 6th Series. RIPARIA. 



Vitis Riparia (Michaux). 



Vitis Rubra (Michaux). 



