26 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA. 



hope, and at the same time are recommended to place all possible safe- 

 guards around their vineyards in the way of quarantine regulations. 

 In this way they can delay the advent of the phylloxera, but cannot 

 hope to be free from it forever. While the winged form of the phyl- 

 loxera is rare in California, it is a fact that it does exist; and hence 

 there is no possibility of the insect becoming extinct, as is claimed by 

 some. The winged form is not the one most dangerous for infection, 

 except in adjoining vineyards with no trees or hills between. Infection 

 of regions generally is due to the gall form or the root form, or the eggs 

 of one or both. Hence, too great care cannot be taken in avoiding the 

 introduction of undisinfected cuttings, boxes, packing material, etc., on 

 which the insects or their eggs might find a lodging-place. Cuttings 

 can readily be thoroughly disinfected, while it is almost impossible to 

 sufficiently disinfect rooted vines without destroying the greater part of 

 them. 



The sooner the vine-growers who have not yet the phylloxera in their 

 vineyards make up their minds that it is but a question of time before 

 they will, and act accordingly, the better it will be for them. It was 

 disregard of such warnings that caused the backward state of affairs 

 existing in the regions now being replanted in this State. 



DESCRIPTION OF RESISTANT VINES. 

 VITIS RUPESTRIS. 



General Characteristics. This species gives a vigorous, bushy vine, 

 with a short, thick, strong trunk; wood of the year (one year old) is 

 dark reddish-brown, sometimes clear, shiny, chestnut-colored; tendrils 

 are discontinuous. The leaves when young are transparent and 

 brilliant, and of a russet red; when old they are small, wider than long, 

 not lobed, and are folded together so as to form a gutter, glabrous and 

 thick. The sinus of the petiole is open and scarcely perceptible; it has 

 well-marked, wide, obtuse-teeth serration. The upper surface is deep 

 green and shiny, lower surface is of a clearer varnished green. Bunch 

 small, with small, spherical, violet-black berries, the interior of which is 

 highly colored. The roots are long, slender, and very hard, but some- 

 times large and fleshy, as is the case with the "Rupestris du Lot." 



Varieties. The varieties of the Vitis Rupestris are very numerous. 

 Mr. H. Jaeger, who was the first to study the variations of the wild 

 Rupestris, has succeeded in isolating over a hundred types. Millardet 

 was the first to call attention to the great value of the Rupestris as a 

 stock, but from the first importations of American vines into France the 

 Rupestris was quietly experimented with till about 1882, when its true 

 value was noted by Professor Millardet. It may be said that more forms 

 of the wild Rupestris have been found than is the case with any other 

 American species. Abroad, the inferior varieties of the Rupestris speed- 

 ily gave place to the more vigorous ones, for, as is the case with the Riparia, 

 as well as all stocks, only the most vigorous should be used. As a general 

 rule, it may be said that the characteristics of the valuable forms of the 

 Rupestris are very great vigor, strong trunk and canes, with thick 3 shiny 



