RESISTANT VINES; THEIR SELECTION, ADAPTATION, ETC. 53 



loose soil at the bottom of the hole, and there should be plenty of room 

 on the sides. Above all, the roots should be so arranged that they will 

 not cling together in a " rope " or be bent upward (as I have seen so often 

 the case) ; but they should be given a downward slope, so that they will 

 at once " go down," especially in the case of dry ground. Some have 

 found that in such dry soil it pays to put in the bottom of the hole, 

 six inches below the roots, a shovelful of well-rotted stable manure. 

 This prevents the roots from going along the surface, as some of the 

 species tend to do naturally, and at the same time shuts out the danger 

 of being torn by the plow, or affected by slight droughts. 



After the second year the American-rooted vineyard will be found to 

 require extra care, and will be found to yield heavier crops than ever 

 were produced by the same varieties on their own roots. For the first 

 two years, and in some cases for three, the roots of the scion should 

 be removed annually. After three years this will not be necessary. If 

 it is neglected the scion will grow entirely away from the stock, and then, 

 when the phylloxera attacks the roots of the scion, the vine becomes so 

 enfeebled that nothing can be done with it. 



o 



