fruit buds; that is, they are capable of producing fruit - bearing 

 shoots. Water sprouts (WS) and suckers (S) do not ordinarily 

 produce fruit-bearing shoots. Below the basal bud each cane has 

 one or more dormant buds (b Fig. Ill) which do not grow unless 

 the number of eyes left by pruning or frost is insufficient to relieve 



c 



the excess of sap pressure. These buds produce sterile shoots. 

 Each eye on a cane has, at its base, two dormant buds. One of these 

 sometimes grows out the year it is formed, making a lateral (L, 

 Figs. I, II). These laterals may send out secondary laterals (SL, 

 Fig. I). It is on the laterals and secondary laterals jthat the so-called 

 second and third crops are borne. 



PRUNING FOR WOOD AND FOR FRUIT. One of the 

 chief aims of pruning is to maintain a just equilibrium between vege- 

 tative vigor and fertility. We must, then, prune for both wood and 

 fruit. A vine which has become enfeebled by over-bearing should 

 be pruned for wood. By this is meant that only a small number of 

 buds should be left. As all the energies of the vine have to be ex- 

 pended on a small number of shoots, these shoots grow with more 

 than ordinary vigor. Under these conditions the vine bears little; 

 first, because the eyes near the bases of the canes, which are the only 

 ones left in very short pruning, are naturally less fruitful than those 

 farther removed from the main body of the vine; and second, because 

 an exceptionally vigorous shoot is generally sterile. The vine is thus 

 strengthened, and, as the stores of nutriment provided by a vigorous 

 vegetation are not drawn upon by a heavy crop, the increased vigor 

 of the vine is more marked the second year. The second year, there- 

 fore, more wood may be left and the crop increased without detri- 

 ment to the vine. 



On the other hand, a vine which " goes to wood " must be 

 pruned for fruit. For this purpose we increase the number of buds 

 left and choose the most fruitful wood. The largest canes are the 

 least fruitful, while the smallest have not the necessary vigor to sup- 



