A. Vine pruned to a head, with short arms. 



I. With spurs of two or three eyes only (short pruning). 



II. With wood spurs of one or two eyes and fruit spurs of four, 

 to six eyes (half-long pruning;. 



III. With wood spurs of one or two eyes and long fruit canes, 

 (long-pruning). 



B. Vine with a long horizontal branch or continuation of the trunk. 



IV. With spurs of two or three eyes only (short pruning). 



V. Wjth wood spurs of one or two eyes and fruit spurs of four 

 to six eyes (half-long pruning). 



VI. With wood spurs of one or two eyes and long fruit canes 

 (long-pruning). 



These types are applicable to different varieties of vines according 

 (i) To the natural stature of the vine that is to say, whether it is 

 a large of small grower and tends to make a large, extended trunk or 

 a limited one. (2) To the position of the fruit buds. In some varieties 

 all the buds of the canes are capable of producing fruitful shoots, while 

 in others the one, two or three buds nearest the base produce only 

 sterile shobts. (3) To the size of the individual bunches. It is 

 necessary in order to obtain a full crop from a variety with small 

 bunches to leave a larger number of eyes than is necessary in the case 

 of varieties with large bunches. 



What type or modification of a type shall be adopted in a par- 

 ticular instance depends both on the variety of vine and on the nature 

 of the vineyard. A vine growing on a dry hillside must not be pruned 

 the same as another vine of the same variety growing on rich bottom 

 land. In general, vines on rich soil, where they tend to grow large 

 and develop abundant vegetation, should be given plenty of room and 

 allowed to spread themselves, and should be given plenty of fruiting 

 buds in order to control their too strong inclination to ''go to wood." 

 Vines on poor soil, on the contrary, should be planted closer togeth- 

 er and pruned shorter, or with fewer fruiting buds, in order to main- 

 tain their vigor. 



Type I. This is the ordinary short pruning practiced in 90 per 

 cent of the vineyards of California, and is the simplest and least ex- 

 pensive manner of pruning the vine. It is, however, suited only to 

 vines of small growth, which produce fruitful shoots from the lowest 

 buds, and of which the bunches are large enough to admit of a full 

 crop from the small number of buds which are left by this method. 

 The chief objection to this method for heavily bearing vines is that 

 the bunches are massed together in a way that favors rotting of the 

 grapes and exposes the different bunches unequally to light and heat. 



Fig. IV. represents the simplest form of this style of pruning. 

 The vine should be given, as nearly as possible, the form of a goblet, 

 slightly flattened in the direction of the rows. It is important that the 

 vine be kept regular and with equally balanced arms. This is the chief 

 difficulty of the method and calls for the exercise of some judgment. 

 From the first, the required form of the vine should be kept- in view. 

 On varieties with a trailing habit of growth vertical spurs must be 



