10 



eyes must be left, as at CC. These shorter spurs can be left without 

 support, but the longer ones require some arrangement to prevent 

 their bending over with the weight of fruit and destroying the shape 

 of the vine. In some cases simply tying the ends of the canes to- 

 gether will support them fairly well, but it is better to attach them to 

 a stake and bend them at the base a little when possible in order to 

 retard the flow of sap to the ends. It is very necessary to leave strong 

 spurs of one eye (not counting the basal eye) in order to provide 

 wood for the following year. At the pruning following the one 

 represented in the cut the fruiting part of the arms will be removed 

 at KK and a new fruiting spur or cane, made of the cane which comes 

 from the eye on the wood spurs W. The basal bud on W will in all 

 probability have produced a cane which can be cut back to one eye to 

 furnish a new wood spur. If this is not the case it shows that too 

 much wood was left the first year, and therefore no fruit cane should 

 be left on this arm, but only a single spur of two or three eyes. This 

 will be a return to short pruning, and must be resorted to whenever 

 the small size of the canes or the failure to produce replacing wood 

 near the head of the vine shows that the vigor is diminishing. If, on 

 the contrary, the arm shows an abundance of vigorous canes, proving 

 that the vine has not overborne, a fruit cane may be left from one of 

 the shoots coming from the lower buds of the fruit cane C, and a new 

 wood spar of two eyes left on the shoot coming from the wood 

 spur of the previous year (W). In this case, the removal of the arm 

 at K is deferred one year, and the extra vigor of the vine is made use 

 of to produce an extra crop. 



Type III. This style is an ex- 

 tension of the principles used in 

 type II, as will be understood by 

 referring to Fig. VI. The fruiting 

 canes are left still longer, and in 

 some cases almost the full length of 

 the cane. As each cane will thus 

 produce a large amount of fruit, 

 fewer arms are necessary than in 

 the preceding method. It is es- 

 pecially necessary to leave good, 

 strong spurs of one or two eyes to 

 produce wood for the following 

 year. There are various methods 

 of disposing of the long fruiting canes, the worst of which is to tie 

 them straight up to the stake, as was recommended for the half-long 

 canes. In the latter case, owing to their shortness, ,a certain amount 

 of bending of the canes is possible with this method of tying. With 

 long canes, on the contrary, it usually allows of no bending, and as 

 a result there ensues a vigorous growth of shoots at the ends of the 

 fruiting canes, and little or no growth in the parts where it is necessary 

 to look for wood for the following year. Often, indeed, each long 

 cane will produce only three shoots and these from the three terminal 

 eyes, all the other eyes of the cane remaining dormant. The object 

 of long pruning is thus doubly defeated, ist because no more shoots 



