II 



are produced than by short pruning, and 2nd, because the shoots 

 which should produce fruit are rendered especially vigorous by their 

 terminal and vertical position, and therefore less fruitful. Each year 

 all this vigorous growth of wood at the ends of the canes must be cut 

 away in order to keep the vine within practical bounds, and the fruit 

 canes renewed from the less vigorous cane below. These canes ate 

 less vigorous because the main strength of the vine has been ex- 

 pended on the upper canes which are most favorably placed for vege- 

 tative vigor. Vines treated in this way may be gradually exhausted 

 though producing only a moderate or small crop of fruit, by being 

 forced to produce an abundant crop of wood. 



One of the simplest ways of 

 tying the fruiting canes is illus- 

 trated by Fig. VII. The canes are 

 bent into a circle, the ends tied to 

 the stake near the head of the vine, 

 and the middle of the circle at- 

 tached higher up. The tying 

 should be done so that the cane 

 receives a severe bend near the 

 base that is about the region of 

 the second and third eyes. This 

 can usually .be accomplished by ty- 

 ing the end of the cane first, and 

 then pressing down on the middle 

 of the bow until , the desired bend is attained. If two fruiting canes 

 are left, they should be made to cross each .other at right angles in 

 order to distribute the fruit as equally as possible. As a rule more 

 than two canes should not be tied up in this way as it makes too dense 

 a shade and masses the fruit too much. 



Fig. VIII shows another method of tying the long canes. A 

 horizontal wire is stretched along the row at about fifteen to twenty 

 inches above the ground. To this the fruiting canes should be at- 

 tached, using the same precaution of bending the canes near the bases. 

 The upper part of the canes is not bent in this case as in the last, but 

 the necessary diminution of vigor and increase of fruitfulness is 

 brought about by the horizontal position. Two canes may be attached 

 to the wire on each side. The stake is best used to support the 



