NEW METHODS OF GRAFTING AND BUDDING APPLIED 



TO THE RE-ESTABLISHMENT OF VINEYARDS 



WITH AMERICAN VINES. 



When two branches or stems of closely related plants, growing side 

 by side in a forest, overlap and touch each other, the bark becomes 

 bruised and abraded. In such cases the sap exuding from the 

 alburnum frequently produces a pad or callus by which incorporation 

 or knitting takes place and the parts become one. From this obser- 

 vation the idea of creating artificial wounds to obtain a graft probably 

 originated. 



Grafting above ground was a common practice in the vineyards of 

 the Romans, and their authors describe them carefully, while they 

 hardly mention the underground graft. But for some reason, until 

 recently most of these grafts tried upon the vines in modern times 

 have failed. In the last ten years persistent efforts and successful 

 experimentation in Europe have brought the discovery of new processes 

 that have been very successful, and their use tends to become widely 

 spread, though a few years ago the best authorities on viticulture 

 condemned them. 



Green Cleft Graft. 



This graft is used a great deal in Hungary; it is an ordinary cleft 

 graft made on the green shoots of very young vines. The shoot used 

 as stock is cut between the second and third leaves (A-A) counting 

 from the apex, and one and one-half to two inches above the third 

 leaf. The latter is pinched at B-B. The scion is a similar shoot, the 

 leaves of which are pinched. The ligature used is wool or raffia, and 

 must be removed as soon as it begins to cramp the joint. This graft 

 necessitates the decapitation of the stock, and is exposed to drying; 

 and though used successfully on some vineyards of Hungary, it might 

 not do as well in our drier climate. 



Horwath Graft. 



The Horwath graft (Fig. 2) consists in inserting a scion bud in 

 the place of an eye of the stock; it is commonly used on fruit trees, 

 but the excision of the bud on a vine cannot be done in the same way, 

 because of the considerable protuberance existing at each node. The 

 following method was adopted by Horwath : 



