112 UNIVERSITY OP CALIFORNIA EXPERIMENT STATION. 



should be placed in a bundle, and ten is better. If the bundles are 

 too large there is danger of the grafts in the middle becoming moldy 

 or dry. 



A stand similar to that shown in Fig. 10 is very convenient. It 

 consists of a piece of board 12 inches by 6 inches, on one end of 

 which is nailed a cleat 6 inches by 4 inches and under the other end 

 a support of the same size. Two 4-inch wire nails are driven through 

 the board from below, 4 inches apart and 5 inches from the cleat. Two 

 other 4-inch nails are driven similarly at 1% inches from the other 

 end. The grafts are laid on this stand with the scions resting against 

 the cleat, and are then tied with the two pieces of bluestoned raffia 

 that have previously been placed above each pair of nails. This 

 arrangement insures all the scions, and therefore the unions, being at 

 the same level, and puts both ties below the union where they will not 

 strain the graft. The tying is more expeditious and less liable to 

 disturb the unions than if the bundles are made without a guide. 



A skillful grafter will make about one hundred tongue grafts on 

 cuttings per hour, or from sixty-five to seventy-five per hour if he does 

 the tying as well. Wire grafts can be made at the rate of two hundred 

 and fifty or more per hour, and by proper division of labor where several 

 grafters are employed this number can be easily exceeded. These esti- 

 mates do not include the preparation and grading of the cuttings. 



Grafting Rooted Cuttings. Instead of grafting cutting on cutting 

 before rooting, one may graft a scion cutting on a stock cutting which 

 has been rooted in the nursery the previous season. In this way resistant 

 cuttings which are too small to graft become large enough the following 

 year and may be utilized. The principal use of this method, however, 

 is in producing grafts on stocks which root with difficulty, such as 

 Lenoir and Berlandieri. If we make cutting grafts on these varieties 

 the percentage of successes is extremely small, on account of the large 

 number which fail to root. They unite easily, however, with the scion, 

 so that if we defer the grafting until the stock has rooted we save 

 the expense of making a large number of grafts which never grow. 



With cutting grafts on stocks such as Riparia and Rupestris from 

 50 to 60 per cent of No. 1 unions is considered an excellent average. 

 With rooted stocks the average should be from 75 to 80 per cent with 

 nearly all stocks. The former method is preferable, however, wherever 

 practicable, as a whole year is saved and the unions on the whole are 

 better. 



The same methods, tongue or wire graft, may be used with rooted 

 stocks as with cuttings. The only difference lies in the preparation 

 of the stocks. The stocks are cut down to a uniform length as nearly 

 as possible and the scions inserted on the original cutting. The scion 



