118 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA EXPERIMENT STATION. 



should not be more than ~y. 2 to 1 inch long. If they are longer the bed 

 has been kept too wet or too warm. Roots will also have started 

 from the stock, but these also should not be over i/> inch long. The 

 grafts should be handled as carefully as is practicable, but there is 

 no objection to breaking off any scion shoots or stock roots which 

 have grown too long. It is almost impossible to save them, and new 

 ones will start after the grafts are planted, and make a "perfectly 

 satisfactory growth. 



FIG. 17. Callused whip grafts. (Callus too abundant.) 



Planting in the Nursery. The grafts are planted in the nursery in 

 rows wide enough apart to allow of horse cultivation, and wide 

 enough apart in the rows to give each graft room to develop. The 

 richer the soil and the better its condition the more grafts may be 

 planted to the acre. The more space each graft is given the larger 

 it will grow. If the grafts are starved either by poverty of the soil 

 or being planted too close they will not only fail to grow vigorously, 

 but the unions will be less perfect and the percentage of No. 1 grafts 

 less. 



In Europe from 125,000 to 300,000 grafts are planted to the acre. 

 This gives each plant from 20 to 50 square inches of surface. In 

 California the grafts are given more room. The rows can not be 

 placed nearer than 3 feet, and it is more convenient for cultivation 

 to place them 4 feet apart. In most soils the grafts do not give good 

 results if placed closer in the rows than 3 inches apart. In a rich. 



