126 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA EXPERIMENT STATION. 



A No. 1 graft should have a top growth of well-ripened wood at 

 least 10 inches long and well-developed roots at the bottom of the 

 stock. It should have no large scion roots or scars where they have 

 been removed. It should not show injuries due to digging, and there 

 should not be a great difference of diameter between the stock and 

 scion. The most important point is the condition of the union. The 

 stock and scion should be united firmly on both sides and the union 

 should be the strongest part of the vine. A No. 1 graft if bent 

 sufficiently will break either above or below, but not at the union. 

 (See Fig. 24.) 



The allowable difference in size between stock and scion will differ 

 according to the varieties grafted. A Rupestris St. George or 

 Mourvedre X Rupestris 1202 stock should be as large as the scion; 

 a Riparia X Rupestris 3309 or 3306 may be from one fifth to one 

 fourth smaller, while a Riparia gloire may be from one fourth to 

 one third smaller. 



The lump or swelling which in nearly all cases occurs just above 

 the union should not be too pronounced. When large it is a sign of 

 lack of affinity between stock and scion or of an imperfect union. 

 (See Fig. 23, a, c.) 



The No. 2 grafts are those which have some of the defects mentioned 

 above, but which may develop into good vines. As there is doubt 

 of this, however, they should not be planted directly in the vineyard, 

 but placed in nursery for another season. The following year a 

 large proportion of them will have overcome their defects and 

 developed into good two-year-old vines. Grafts which have united 

 well on one side or which have complete unions but small growth 

 may be saved in this way, .though it would probably be better for 

 the vineyard to plant nothing but No. 1 one-year-old grafts. 



Certain defects can not be overcome. Grafts which have made a 

 heavy top growth by means of scion roots and of which the stock is 

 small and starved should be thrown away. (See Fig. 22.) If the 

 union is imperfect on both sides, or if the enlargement above the union 

 is excessive, there is no hope of making good vines of them. (See 

 Fig. 23, a, c.) 



Pruning. It is best not to prune the grafts until they are planted 

 or afterwards. If the tops have made a very large growth with large 

 laterals they may be pruned partially in order to facilitate making 

 up into bundles and shipping. All shoots may be cut off except the 

 largest, which should be left full length if not more than 18 inches 

 long. When the grafts are tied up in bundles the roots may be 

 shortened to 6 inches. This is best done by placing the bundles on 

 a wooden block and cutting the roots with a sharp broadax. 



