134 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA EXPERIMENT STATION. 



vines are to be pruned long or given a high head a 4- to 6-foot stake 

 will be needed and may be put in the first year. As all vines should be 

 pruned short for the first three years, however, it is as well to use small 

 stakes at first and to replace them with longer and heavier stakes when 

 long pruning is commenced. If the vines are to be headed high, 15 to 

 18 inches, a 4-foot stake will be necessary, and this will have to be 

 a little heavier, 1^ to 1% inches in diameter. 



Suckering and Rooting. If No. 1 bench grafts from which the stock 

 buds were properly removed before grafting are used, and if they are 

 planted in the way described, there will be very few suckers from the 

 stock, or roots from the scion, produced. Any which do grow, however, 

 must be very carefully and completely removed. The more thoroughly 

 this is done during the first year the less trouble there will be later, and 

 after the third year there should be hardly any suckers and no scion 

 roots produced at all. 



As the unions are kept covered during the first year a few scion 

 roots will be produced, especially in rich and moist soil. These should 

 be cut off once during the season about midsummer, at about the time 

 of the second hoeing. Any which develop after that may be removed 

 at the winter pruning. No scion roots will be formed in subsequent 

 years if the unions are above the surface and kept uncovered, as they 

 should be. 



Some stocks such as Rupestris, and especially Rupestris St. George, 

 are very prone to throw out suckers, but careful work during the first 

 three years will overcome this tendency. To do this the suckers should 

 never be allowed to mature. Three or four times during the first year 

 the vineyard should be gone over carefully and every sucker cut off 

 close down to the stock at the place where it starts. 



If a piece of the base of the sucker is left, especially if the sucker has 

 matured, a lump will form on the stock, from which there will be an 

 inveterate tendency for suckers to form. A little extra work during 

 the first year will prevent the need of a great deal of work in subsequent 

 years. For the first three or four years the collar of the vine should be 

 cleaned off down 4 or 5 inches below the surface every winter or spring 

 by plowing and hoeing away from the vine. This will expose any 

 suckers which have been overlooked during the summer. All such 

 suckers should be cut out very close, care being taken to remove the 

 slight enlargement at the base of each from which new suckers would 

 start in the following summer. 



Cultivation. The cultivation of a grafted vineyard does not differ 

 in any way from that of an ordinary vineyard of vinifera varieties. 

 Deep plowing and thorough summer cultivation are equally necessary 



