INSECTS INJURIOUS TO THE VINE IN CALIFORNIA. 



BY H. J. QUAYLE. 



California, with its extensive areas of vineyards and lack of extremes 

 in climate, offers suitable conditions for the development of a con- 

 siderable number of insect pests of the vine. Here also the large 

 plantings of the European, or vinifera, vines have given the phylloxera 

 an opportunity to do greater damage than elsewhere in the United 

 States. 



Of the two hundred and seventy-five insects we have recently listed 

 as attacking the vine throughout the world, only a very few (a dozen 

 or two) are really of any economic importance; all the others being, 

 generally, but casual visitants. Two or three of these of economic 

 importance attack the roots, while the remainder feed upon the parts 

 of the plant above ground. 



The roots are sapped of their juices, rendered knotty, and caused to 

 decay by the phylloxera. Strips or rings of the bark are eaten out by 

 the root worm, and the fibrous roots are devoured by wire worms. 

 The juices of the leaves are sucked out by the vine hoppers, irregular 

 holes eaten away by flea beetles and leaf chafers, or chain-like strips 

 by the root beetles ; the edges rolled by the leaf -roller, or the foliage 

 devoured completely by hawk moth larvas, grasshoppers, cut worms and 

 army worms. The young buds are destroyed by the flea beetle and by 

 cut worms ; and the shoots, petioles, pedicels, and berries have chain-like 

 furrows gouged out by the root beetle. 



With the possible exception of the root beetle, all the insects attacking 

 the vines in this State are native American insects. The present 

 bulletin is intended to give simply a popular account of the more 

 important of these. More or less extended studies have been carried on 

 during the past year on the vine hopper and root beetle, and these 

 will be treated of in separate bulletins and only summary accounts 

 given here. 



PHYLLOXERA.* 



(Phylloxera vastatrix Planchon.) 



Historical. The phylloxera is a native of the United States east of 

 the Rocky Mountains, where it is found living upon the wild vines. It 

 ir? a minute insect, related to the scale insects and plant lice. 



The insect was probably introduced into California upon vines, cut- 

 tings or roots, imported from France, though it was possibly introduced 



* Revised from Bulletin No. 131, by F. T. Bioletti. 



