BULLETIN 192. 



INSECTS INJURIOUS TO THE VINE. 



123 



FIG. 13. Valley grasshopper ((Edaleonotus enigma). 



Control Measures. Grass- 

 hoppers may be controlled 

 by poisoned bait, by spray- 

 ing heavily a few rows along 

 the border of a field, by the 

 hopper dozer, by burning 

 waste feeding areas, and by 

 the introduction of turkeys. 

 Various combinations of two 

 or more of these measures 

 may be used to fit particular 

 cases. Of the methods used 



to protect vineyards, poisoned bait is probably the most common. This 

 consists of bran and molasses or other sweet substance poisoned with 



arsenic and distributed in 

 handfuls about the vine. The 

 proportions are as follows: 

 forty pounds of bran, two gal- 

 lons of cheap molasses, and 

 five pounds of arsenic. Cheap 

 glycerine may be used to pre- 

 vent the mixture from drying. 

 If the grasshoppers are enter- 

 ing in well-defined swarms 

 and caught on the first few 

 rows they may be killed by 

 heavily poisoning a few rows on the side at which they are entering. 

 Some growers find turkeys to be the most successful destroyers, and if 

 the hoppers are not too abundant, this method is probably as good as 

 any, particularly at a time when the hoppers are still small. 



FIG. 14. Differential grasshopper (Melanoplus 

 differentialis). Young. 



FIG. 15. Differential grasshopper (Menanoplus differentialis). Adult. 



