124 



UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA EXPERIMENT STATION. 



Those who have been most successful with turkeys go about using 

 them in a systematic way. They turn in a band of them early in the 

 morning and let them feed for a couple of hours, then drive them into 

 a cool barn where they remain through the heat of the day. In the 

 evening they are again turned into the vineyard for two or three hours 

 and again confined in an inclosure, so that they obtain a straight grass- 

 hopper diet supplemented by gravel, to which they have access while 

 not in the vineyard. 



When vineyards adjoin, or are near, large uncultivated tracts, where 

 the grasshoppers hatch out in large numbers, it is best to look beyond 

 the vineyard in planning the control. This may mean more or less 

 organized effort in burning off or plowing such uncultivated lands. 

 For a full account of this and other methods of grasshopper control 

 the reader is referred to Bulletins Nos. 142 and 170 of this Station. 



CUT WORMS AND ARMY WORMS. 



These are the larvae of Noctuid moths, which often become abundant 

 over limited areas and do much damage to vines. 



Cut worms and Army worms are terms applied to the same insects in 



California. In ordinary years they 

 are not present in sufficient numbers 

 to cause much concern, and in such 

 years they are known simply as cut 

 worms. When all conditions are 

 favorable, however, certain species 

 develop in enormous numbers and 

 having exhausted the food supply 

 where they breed, they begin to 

 migrate or march, commonly in a 

 definite direction, as an army in 

 search of new food. When they thus 

 appear in such large numbers and 

 take on the migrating habit they are 

 called army worms. 



Some of the caterpillars have the 

 habit of climbing up vines and 

 trees and eating off the buds in 

 the early spring. These are called 

 climbing cut worms. Others remain at or near the surface of the 

 ground and feed by cutting off the plants at this point. They are more 

 commonly found in the grass lands, but very frequently attack culti- 



FIG. 16. Army worm (Heliophila uni- 

 puncta). The species that was abundant 

 at Lodi this year. 



