BULLETIN 192. INSECTS INJURIOUS TO THE VINE. 129 



weeks, when they drop to the ground, make a little cell just beneath 

 the surface, and change to pupae. The beetles emerge a week or two 

 later and these feed upon the leaves. There are probably two genera- 

 tions of the insect each year. Those we obtained were taken as adult 

 beetles in June, which were from eggs laid in the early spring, but 

 whether these remain until winter and hibernate, or again lay eggs, 

 was not determined. 



Control Measures. Since this insect feeds upon the foliage both as 

 larva and adult, it may be controlled by means of a poison spray, either 

 paris green or lead arsenate. The beetles are also easily jarred from the 

 vines and the method described for capturing the root beetle can be 

 used here. 



THE GRAPE-LEAF FOLDER. 



( Desmia funeralis Huber. ) 



This insect occurs in considerable numbers in some sections of the 

 State every year, but the total injury is not usually very great. During 

 the past season the worst attack that came to our notice was in a vine- 

 yard near Reedley, where seventy-five .or one hundred acres of vines 

 had a large number of their leaves rolled. On some vines nearly every 

 leaf was found to be rolled and harboring the larvae of this insect. 

 Occasional specimens were also found near Lodi, but they were not 

 numerous enough to do any important injury. 



They may be easily detected in a vineyard by the characteristic 

 rolling of the leaves. One edge is rolled up rather tightly to about half 

 way across the leaf, making a tube less than the diameter of a lead 

 pencil, in which the larva lives. The leaf is always rolled on the under 

 side. The insects feed by eating off the free edge of the leaf in the interior 

 of the roll, so that they are always protected by the outer layers of the 

 rolled portion. The insect hibernates as a chrysalis, appearing and 

 laying eggs upon the vine in the spring. The larvae of the first brood 

 appear about the first of June. By the twentieth of June at Reedley 

 this year the Iarva3 had all changed to pupae. The larva is a greenish- 

 white caterpillar, about an inch long when full grown. They wriggle 

 out of their nests very vigorously when disturbed and drop to the 

 ground. *Larvae were taken at Lodi in June and August, indicating 

 that there are at least two broods in a season. 



* The head and prothoracic shield are light brown in color. On the mesothoracic 

 segment are two pale-brown spots or rings, and beyond these laterally are two larger 

 and darker crescent-shaped spots. There is also a pale spot on the same segment more 

 ventrally and a little forward. On the preceding segment are two large irregular pale- 

 brown spots and one small round spot, also of pale brown. On the penultimate 

 segment there are two dark crescent-shaped spots situated dorsally. 



3 BUL. 192 



