132 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA EXPERIMENT STATION. 



eating off the upper surface it feeds on the free edge. According to its 

 habits in this State, leaf-roller would be a more appropriate name than 

 leaf-folder. Specimens of the moth sent to the Bureau of Entomology 

 at Washington, D. C., were identified by Dr. Dyar as Desmia funeralis 

 Huber the same species that occurs in the Eastern States. 



The moth is nearly an inch across the expanded wings, and is black 

 with white markings. There are two white spots on each wing, those 

 on the posterior wings being larger, and in some specimens fusing into 

 a single large spot. There are also two white bands across the abdomen, 

 one about the center and one near the tip. The wings are also bordered 

 with a fringe of white, and the tarsi and apical half of the antennae 

 are white. 



Control Measure. The only control measure which is likely to 

 prove effective is to spray with an arsenical before the rolling of the 

 leaf is commenced, so that they may be obliged to eat the poison, even 

 though they are within the rolled portion. If they are not too abundant, 

 hand picking or simply crushing the folded portion of the leaves will 

 be the most practical. 



LEAF CHAFERS. 



Under this head come the rose chafer, and other allied species, which 

 often attack the leaves of the grapevine. The true rose chafer, which 

 often does much injury to vines in the Eastern States, as far as we are 

 aware, does not occur in California. 



A species which was very abundant in the neighborhood of Florin 

 during the past season was Serica mixta Lee. This insect was not 

 restricted in its feeding, however, to the vine, but attacked a great 

 variety of plants. Hoplia sackonii has also been taken in large num- 

 bers on vines at Fresno. 



The life history of the rose chafer has been carefully studied, and the 

 life history of these allied species may be much the same. The younger 

 stages of these insects are passed in the ground, where the larvae feed 

 upon the roots of plants, preferably grasses. They are full grown by 

 fall and in the spring ascend toward the surface, where they change to 

 pupae. Two or three weeks later they emerge from the ground as adult 

 beetles and attack the grape and other plants. A sandy soil is especially 

 adapted for their underground habits. After feeding as adult beetles 

 for two or three weeks they deposit their eggs in the ground and from 

 these the next generation of larvae emerge and feed upon the roots until 

 fall. 



Control Measure. These insects are rather difficult to control, but a 

 liberal dose of poison will check them if they are not present in great 



