150 



UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA EXPERIMENT STATION. 



through a bud, just as in making cuttings. This will facilitate tying 

 up and insure the healthy growth of the top bud. 



Sometimes, even when the vine has made sufficient growth, the canes 

 are prostrate or crooked and none can be tied up straight to the stake. 

 In this case the vine must be pruned like a weak vine that is, thinned 

 to one cane and this cane cut back to two buds. 



In no case should two canes of any length be left, and in all cases 

 where it is impossible to obtain the full length of well-ripened wood for 

 tying up, the cane should be cut back to two buds. It is very bad 

 practice to leave some of the canes of intermediate length, as this causes 



FIG. 4. 



b c 



Treatment of an average vine during second season. 



a. Winter pruning. 



b. Spring pruning removal of suckers (S) and thinning of shoots (W). 



c. Summer treatment tying to stake and topping. 



the vines to head out at various heights and produces an irregularity 

 of shape which can never be remedied and which interferes with regular 

 pruning, cultivation, and other vineyard work. 



The idea to be kept in mind is to cut back each winter nearly to the 

 ground that is, to two buds until a cane is produced with a length of 

 well-ripened wood and good buds equal to the height at which the vine 

 is to be headed. It is very important that this cane should be straight, 

 healthy, and well-ripened, as it is from it that the trunk of the mature 

 vine develops. All the vines on which a cane has been left should be 

 carefully tied up. Two ties will be needed in most cases. A half hitch 

 should be made around the cane below the swelling left by the bud 

 which has been removed, and the cane tied firmly to the top of the stake. 



