BULLETIN 197. GRAPE CULTURE IN CALIFORNIA. 117 



students. Short courses and viticultural institutes have also been 

 given, so far as our time and resources have allowed, for the benefit 

 of those actually employed in the industry. 



The short courses at Berkeley to grape-growers and wine-makers 

 actively engaged in the occupations have not been a success, owing to 

 the small number who have been able to leave their work long enough 

 to attend them. The special viticultural institutes, on the other hand, 

 have met with a success that is very encouraging. 



These institutes are given, so far as possible, in any viticultural center 

 wherever a sufficient demand is manifested and the traveling expenses 

 of speakers is borne by the Farmers' Institute appropriation. They 

 last either one or two days, usually Saturday, or Friday and Saturday. 

 They are not only confined strictly to viticulture, but attempt to treat 

 only one particular part of this subject. The part chosen is, so far as 

 practicable, one of actual interest at the season when the institute 

 takes place. 



The plan adopted is to accompany the lectures by practical demon- 

 stration in the vineyard. Two or three hours in the morning are 

 usually all that are devoted to lectures. The afternoon is spent in the 

 vineyards, where the ideas developed in the lectures are put into 

 practice. An evening session is sometimes held to discuss the work 

 of the day or to treat some subject unsuited to field demonstration. 



An attempt is always made to adapt the instruction to the imme- 

 diate needs of the locality and season, and to the time available. The 

 principal topics which so far have been taken up at these viticultural 

 institutes are the following: 



1. Starting a new vineyard. 



2. Pruning table grapes. 



3. Pruning wine grapes. 



4. Pruning raisin grapes. 



5. Pruning young vines. 



6. Oidium of the vine and methods of control. 



7. The phylloxera of the vine. 



8. Resistant vines. 



9. Methods of grafting. 



10. New varieties of grapes. 



11. Fertilization of vineyards. 



Another important phase cf the viticultural activities of the 

 University consists in an ever-increasing correspondence with grape- 

 growers and wine-makers. Advice is given, suggestions made, and, 

 where practicable, vineyards and cellars are visited on request. 



