122 UNIVERSITY OP CALIFORNIA EXPERIMENT STATION. 



course to be followed in this case is to cultivate each block as long 

 as it produces paying crops, and then to dig it up and replant it with 

 bench grafted resistants. It is very bad policy to commence replanting 

 single vines or small areas each year as they fail. A young resistant 

 planted among old viniferas never gets the proper care, and has no 

 chance to do its best. Where this method is adopted, the vineyard 

 finally becomes a mixed lot of vines of various ages and of various 

 degrees of unprofitableness. Replanting should be done in regular, 

 rectangular blocks. 



Planting New Vineyards. In planting a vineyard in new soil, 

 whether we should plant grafted resistants or viniferas on their own 

 roots is to be determined by local conditions. If there is great likelihood 

 of our vines being attacked before they have borne two or three crops 

 it would be folly to plant anything but resistants. Hundreds of acres, 

 in the aggregate, which have been planted in Phylloxera-infested 

 districts have died before they ever produced a crop. On the other 

 hand, if there is a fair chance of the vineyard remaining uninfested 

 for many years it is often safe to plant non-resistants, and thus save 

 the $30.00 to $40.00 per acre extra which a resistant vineyard will cost. 



In the counties of Marin, Sonoma, Napa, Solano, Contra Costa, 

 Alameda, Santa Clara, Santa Cruz, and San Mateo, where the Phylloxera 

 is very generally distributed, it is throwing work away to plant any- 

 thing but resistant vines. The same is true of those districts in the 

 Sacramento and San Joaquin valleys where the pest has obtained a 

 secure foothold. In any district it is unsafe to plant non-resistants 

 anywhere within two or three miles of an infested vineyard. 



RESISTANT VINES. 



The demand for information regarding Phylloxera-resistant vines 

 becomes every day more pressing. The problems of the adaptation of 

 various stocks to various soils and climates, of the suitability of 

 various combinations of stock and scion, and of the best methods of 

 grafting have, therefore, been given as much attention as possible. 



Rupestris St. George. Probably nine tenths of the resistant vines 

 being planted in California at the present time are Rupestris St. 

 George. This is undoubtedly a most excellent stock for a large portion 

 of the country. It is giving its best results in the interior valleys and 

 in the warmer parts of the coast valleys and hillsides. Numerous cases 

 of partial failure, however, have been noted, which make it certain 

 that for manv locations a better stock is to be found. 



