46 UNIVERSITY OP WISCONSIN STUDIES 



for more than two farm inspections per year. 4 " On the other 

 hand the studies of germ life referred to- above have shown 

 that the factors controlling the germ content of the milk 

 change twice per day on each farm. Under such circum- 

 stances little can be accomplished toward controlling the germ 

 content of milk by the amount of farm inspection which the 

 health officials find to be financially possible. 



The need of effective supervision of milk supplies is unques- 

 tioned. Farm inspection failing to provide this supervision, 

 attention is returning to an inspection of the milk itself. As a 

 matter of fact, if the consumer can assure himself that the milk 

 as delivered to him is in satisfactory, condition, he has very 

 little interest in the preceding details. The four questions which 

 he is accustomed to ask regarding a milk are the following : 47 



Is it rich? (The problem of food value) 

 Is it safe? (The problem of healthfulness) 

 Is it clean? (The problem of cleanliness) 

 Is it sweet? (The problem of keeping quality) 



The housewife commonly estimates the richness of the milk 

 by the depth of the cream in the neck of the bottle. The 

 food value of milk cannot be adequately expressed by any 

 single measurement because in addition to its value as a source 

 of energy, it has an important relation to growth and health. 

 However, in comparing the relative food values of two samples 

 of normal milk, the net calories of energy contained are per- 

 haps the best basis for comparison. There are at present 

 available only a few analyses of milk of known purity and 

 these analyses grouped according to their fat content are 

 given in Table I. 



46 H. Lloyd, Report of Committee on Cost of Dairy and Milk Inspec- 

 tion, Ann. Rept., Int. Asso. of Dairy and Milk Insp., 7, 42-47, 1919. 



T H. A. Harding', R. S. Reed, W. A. Stocking and E. G. Hastings, What 

 is Meant by Quality in Milk. Circ. 205, 111. Asrr. Exp. Sta., 1919. Also 

 published by the N. Y. and Cornell Agr. Exp. Stations. 



