

THE FLOWER SHOOT 147 



233. Union of flower parts. In the buttercup flower, and 

 many others, all the parts of each series are separate from one 

 another and from other series or parts.* In many other flowers 

 the parts are more or less united, but usually the number of parts 

 of the series can be determined. 



234. Union of stamens. The stamens are monadelphous 

 (one brotherhood) when all are united into one group by their 

 filaments, as in the hollyhock, hibiscus, cotton, marshmallow, 

 etc. ; diadelphous (of two brotherhoods) when they are united by 

 their filaments into two groups, as in most members of the pea 

 family (fig. 122). 



235. Union of carpels. When the carpels are united the 

 pistil is compound (paragraph 253). The number of the carpels 

 in the compound pistil can usually be determined, for the pistil 

 often has as many lobes or angles as there are carpels, or the 

 styles or stigmas are separate. In the compound ovary there are 

 usually as many cavities (locules) as there are carpels ; sometimes, 

 however, the walls separating these cavities disappear and leave a 

 single common cavity (locule), as in the purslane, chickweed, 

 pinks, etc. 



236. Union of the parts of different series. While in the 

 buttercup and many other flowers, all the different parts are 

 inserted on the receptacle, in other flowers one or more series of 

 parts may be joined (adnate') to another. The insertion of parts, 

 whether free or adnate, is usually spoken of with reference to their 

 relation to the pistil. Thus, in the buttercup the floral envelopes 

 and stamens are all free and hypogynous (i.e., below the pistil). 

 The pistil in this case is superior. In the cherry, pear, etc., the 

 petals and stamens are borne on the edge of the more or less 

 elevated tube of the calyx, and are said to be perigynous, i.e., 

 around the pistil (fig. 105). In the cherry the calyx is free from 

 the ovary, and therefore hypogynous, while in the pear and apple 

 it is adnate to the ovary and superior (ovary inferior). In the 

 cranberry, huckleberry, etc., the calyx is for the most part united 



* In such a flower the calyx is polysepalous, the corolla polypetalous, the 

 stamens distinct, and the pistils are simple. 



