THE FRUIT: FLESHY AND JUICY FRUITS 



209 



different locules when young having disappeared. The "bouncing-bet" is 

 an example, and the seeds are attached to a central column in four rows 

 corresponding to the four locules present in the young stage. 



332. A follicle is a dry fruit consisting of a single carpel which splits 

 open along the ventral or upper suture, as in the larkspur and peony. 



333. The legume, or true pod, is a dry fruit consisting of a 

 single carpel which ^splits along both sutures, as the pea, bean, 

 vetch, etc. As the pod ripens 



and dries, a strong twisting 

 tension is often produced, 

 which splits the pod sud- 

 denly, scattering the seeds. 



334. The silique. In the 



toothwort, shepherd's-purse, and 

 nearly all of the plants in the 

 mustard family, the fruit consists 

 of two united carpels, which 

 separate at maturity, leaving the 

 partition wall persistent. Such a 

 fruit is a silique; when short it is 

 a silicic, or pouch. 



335. A pyxidium, or pyxis, 

 is a capsule which opens with a lid, 

 as in the plantain. 



IV. FLESHY AND JUICY 

 FRUITS. 



Fig. 161. 

 Pods of Sweet Pea. 



336. The drupe, or stone- 

 fruit. In the plum, cherry, 



peach, apricot, etc., the outer portion (exocarp) of the pericarp 

 (ovary) becomes fleshy, while the inner portion (endocarp) be- 

 comes hard and stony and encloses the seed, or "pit" (figs. 

 157, 162). Such a fruit is known as a drupe, or as a stone-fruit. 

 In the almond the fleshy part of the fruit is removed. 



337. Aggregate fruits. The raspberry and blackberry are 

 examples. While these fruits are known popularly as "berries," 

 they are not berries in the technical sense. Each ovary, or peri- 

 carp, in the flower forms a single small fruit, the outer portion 

 being fleshy and the inner stony, just as in the cherry or plum. 



14 



