GLOSSARY 511 



Bulb, a specialized shoot with thick fleshy leaves as in the onion, lily, etc., 49. 

 Bulbil, in mosses and liverworts, small cellular bodies which separate from 



the thallus and grow to new plants, 351, 358, 376, 377. 



Calyptra (Ca-lyp'-tra), the enlarged and dead archegonium of mosses which 

 is lifted up on the capsule of most mosses as a " hood." In the liver- 

 worts and ferns the embryo breaks through the calyptra, 340, 349, 350, 

 352, 368. 

 Calyx, the sepals of a flower taken collectively; the outer series of envelope 



members, 143, 147, 152, 154, 157, 162, 163, 168, 171, 205. 

 Cambium, the meristematic tissue in the fibrovascular bundles which by 

 growth and division of its cells adds new cells to the bast, wood, and 

 pith ray areas, 59, 63-67. 

 Campanulate, bell-shaped, 146. 



Caprification, the act of hanging fruiting branches of the caprifig in trees of 

 the Smyrna fig so that the insects from the former will pollinate the 

 flowers of the latter, 197. 



Caprifig, a wild species of fig growing in the Mediterranean region, 196, 197. 

 Capsule, a dry dehiscent fruit of two or more carpels (compound pistil), 208. 

 Capsule, in the mosses and liverworts, the part of the sporogonium which 



bears the spores, 339, 341, 343, 345. 



Carpel, a modified leaf forming a simple pistil, or one of the parts of a com- 

 pound pistil, 147, 152, 161, 409. 

 Carpogonium (Car-'po-go'-ni-um), the female branch or organ in the "red 



algae," sometimes applied to the female cell of this organ, 261. 

 Carpospore (Car'-po-spore), fruit spore, the spore developed from the ferti- 

 lized egg in the red algae. 



Caruncle, an excrescence at the hilum end of certain seeds, 9, 10. 

 Caryopsis (Car-y-op'-sis), a dry fruit in which the pericarp is united with the 



seed as in wheat, corn, etc., 206. 

 Catkin, a spike (flower cluster) which usually falls away after maturity. 



Also called ament, 151, 433. 



Cellulose, the substance composing the cell wall of most plants. 

 Centripetal, said of flower clusters when the outside or marginal flowers open 

 first, and the others then open successively toward the center, 167, 169. 

 Chalaza (Cha-la'-za), the point on an ovule where it is joined to its stalk, 200. 

 Chemosyn thesis (Chem-o-syn'-the-sis), synthesis as the result of chemical 



activity, in. 

 Chemosyn thetic (Chem-o-syn-thet'-ic), a synthesis of substances formed as 



the result of chemical activity, 113. 

 Chlamydospore, an asexual spore with a rather thick wall, usually of two 



membranes, formed within or at the ends of mycelium, 273. 

 Chlorophyll (Chlor'-o-phyll), the green pigment in the chlorophyll body, 

 89, 91, 109, in. 



