514 GLOSSARY 



"horsetails") which coils and twists in response to changes in humidity 

 and thus assists in removing the spores from the capsule of certain liver- 

 worts, 339, 341, 375- 



Embryo, the young plantlet in the seed, or any stage of its development in 

 the ovule, 205; or in the archegonium. 



Embryo sac, a sac-like structure in the ovule in which the embryo plant is 

 formed, 201, 202, 409, 412-414, 418, 419. 



Endocarp (En'-do-carp), the inner portion of the wall of the ovary, it is hard 

 and stony in the drupes, 205, 209. 



Endodermis (En-do-der'-mis), a specialized layer of cells surrounding the 

 fibrovascular bundles, particularly in roots, 362 ; see Pericycle. 



Endogenous (En-dog'-e-nous), forming new tissue within the stem, 66. 



Endoplasm (En'-do-plasm), the granular protoplasm making up the interior 

 and larger part of the protoplast, 233, 234. 



Endosperm (En'-do-sperm), the tissue formed in the embryo-sac of the angio- 

 sperms, serving as food for the embryo, and in some plants (grains, 

 grasses, etc.) occurring in the seed to be used by the seedling at time of 

 germination, 18, 20; also occurs in Gymnosperms, where it is developed 

 before fertilization and forms the female gametophyte or prothallium, 

 39 2 5 393, 395, 398-4oo. 



Entomophilous (En-to-moph'-i-lous), insect- loving, said of flowers pollinated 

 by the aid of insects, 183. 



Enzyme, same as "ferment," which see, 132, 133. 



Epidermis, in botany the outer layer of cells on leaves, stems, roots, etc., 19, 

 89-91. 



Epigynous (E-pig'-y-nous), said of the stamens or petals when they are 

 inserted on the edge of the calyx tube joined to and above the 

 ovary, 148. 



Epinasty, the turning outward and downward of leaves when the growth is 

 more rapid on the upper side, 86. 



Epipetalous (Ep-i-pet'-a-lous), on the petals, 408, 419. 



Epithecium (Ep-i-the'-ci-um), the layer formed by the united ends of the 

 paraphyses above the asci in certain cup fungi and lichens. 



Exalbuminous seeds (Ex-al-bu'-mi-nous) , not containing albumen, 203. 



Excipulum (Ex-cip'-u-lum), the lateral sterile portion of the fruit body of 

 cup fungi, 301. 



Exocarp (Ex'-o-carp), the outer portion of the ovary wall, fleshy in drupes 

 or stone fruits, 205, 209, 401. 



Exogenous (Ex-og'-en-ous), said of plants the stems of which increase in 

 diameter by growth on the outside of the old tissue, 66. 



Extrorse (Ex'-trorse), said of anthers attached by the inner face to the fila- 

 ment so that the anther faces away from the axis of the flower. 



Ferment, a substance produced in certain parts of plants and animals which 



