56 VIOLACE.E. Viola. 



somewhat cordate at base, acute or obtuse, \ to 1 ^ inches long, obscurely crenate : 

 stipules foliaceous, narrowly lanceolate, lacerately toothed : flowers violet or purple, 

 rather large ; lateral petals bearded ; spur as long as the sepals, rather slender, 

 obtuse, hooked or curved. F. adunca, Smith, in Kees Cyc. 



Var. longipes, Watson. Yery similar, but the stout and obtuse spur is nearly 

 straight. V. longipes, ISTutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 140. F. adunca, Hook. Fl. 

 i. 79, in part. 



Var. oxyceras, "Watson. Flowers rather smaller ; spur slender, nearly equalling 

 the petals, acute and curved. 



The first two forms of this veiy variable species are common in the Coast Eanges, in meadows 

 and moist places, from San Francisco to Washington Territory, apparently extending into the 

 Sierra Nevada. Nearly identical forms are found eastward in the Rocky Mountains and to Win- 

 nipeg Valley. The var. oxyceras has been collected only in the Sierra Nevada, in Yosemite Val- 

 ley (Brewer, Gray), and near Donner Pass, Torrey. The species to which these are all referred 

 is distributed throughout the northern zones around the world. The var. sylvestris of the Atlantic 

 Coast, from the Northern States to Greenland, is glabrous, with more deeply cordate or reniform 

 leaves, the spur straight and obtuse. 



4. V. ocellata, Torr. & Gray. More or less pubescent with spreading hairs, 

 rarely glabrous : stems nearly erect, 6 to 12 inches high : leaves cordate to cordate- 

 ovate, acutish, conspicuously crenate, 1 or 2 inches long ; stipules small, scarious, 

 entire or slightly lacerate : petals 5 to 7 lines long, the upper ones white within, 

 deep purple-brown without, the others pale-yellow veined with purple, the lateral 

 ones with a purple spot near the base and slightly bearded on the claw. Fl. i. 

 142; Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 325. 



From Monterey northward to Mendocino Co. , in wooded districts. 



V. TRICOLOR, Linn., the Pansy or Heart' s-ease of the gardens, often escapes from cultivation 

 and becomes wild. It is a native of Europe and Siberia, erect, with angled stems, large foliaceous 

 divided stipules, rather small cordate or ovate or even lanceolate leaves, and flowers variously 

 colored with purple, violet, yellow and white. Nature furnishes several varieties and art has 

 produced many more. 



-M- -M- Flowers yellow, more or less veined or tinged with purple. 



5. V. pedunculata, Torr. & Gray. Nearly glabrous or somewhat puberulent, 

 the ascending stems 2 to 6 inches high from a slender decumbent or procumbent 

 base : leaves rhombic-cordate, with base usually truncate or abruptly cuneate, obtuse, 

 \ to 1| inches long, often small, coarsely crenate : stipules foliaceous, narrowly 

 lanceolate, entire or gashed : peduncles much exceeding the leaves : flowers showy, 

 deep yellow, usually large : sepals oblong-lanceolate, obtuse or acute : petals 6 to 9 

 lines long, the upper more or less tinged with brown on the outside, the others 

 veined with purple ; lateral petals bearded : capsule oblong-ovate, 5 to 6 lines 

 long, glabrous. Fl. i. 141 ; Hook. & Am. Bot. Beechey, 325 ; Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 

 5004. 



In the Coast Ranges from Southern California to San Francisco, and probably northward. 



6. V. aurea, Kellogg. More or less pubescent with short spreading hairs : the 

 stems ascending from a straight rootstock, 2 to 6 inches high : leaves ovate to lan- 

 ceolate, cuneate or sometimes truncate at base, obtuse, \ to \\ inches long, coarsely 

 crenate : stipules foliaceous, lanceolate, laciniate : peduncles a little longer than 

 the leaves : sepals linear, acuminate : petals 4 to 6 lines long, as in the last but 

 lighter yellow : capsule nearly globular, 3 lines long, pubescent. Proc. Calif. 

 Acad. ii. 185, fig. 54. V. Nuttallii & praemorsa, Benth. PI. Hartw. 298. V. 

 pedunculata, Torr. in Pacif. R Eep. iv. 68, in part. V. Nuttallii, var. prcemorsa, 

 Watson, Bot. King Exp. 35. 



Var. venosa, Watson. Alpine and more slender ; flowers rather smaller ; leaves 

 often purple-veined. V. pitrpnrea, Kellogg, Proc. Calif. Acad. i. 56. V. Nuttallii, 

 var. (?) venosa, Watson, Bot. King Exp. 35. 



